{"id":6548,"date":"2016-06-28T19:52:48","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T16:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=6548"},"modified":"2025-04-14T16:35:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-14T13:35:50","slug":"sirket-yoenetimine-kayyum-kayyim-atama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/fr\/sirket-yoenetimine-kayyum-kayyim-atama\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eirket Y\u00f6netim ve Denetimine Kayyum Atama"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eirket y\u00f6netim ve denetimine kayyum (kayy\u0131m) atama, T\u00fcrk hukuk sisteminde hem ceza muhakemesi hem de \u00f6zel hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulabilen istisnai bir m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6ntemidir. \u015eirketin faaliyetlerinin kamu d\u00fczeni, ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 veya i\u00e7 y\u00f6netimsel krizler nedeniyle ge\u00e7ici olarak kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu uygulama, \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin – kayy\u0131m\u0131- getirilmesi \u015feklinde hayata ge\u00e7irilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131, kimi zaman \u015firket faaliyetlerinin su\u00e7 gelirine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131nda bir koruma tedbiri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karken, kimi zaman da \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz hale gelmesi veya ortaklar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ciddi ihtilaflar nedeniyle \u00f6zel hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00fcndeme gelir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kayy\u0131m m\u00fcessesesi, sadece ceza hukukunun de\u011fil, ticaret ve medeni hukukun da uygulama alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda hem \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r \u015firketlerine hem de kamuoyunun yak\u0131ndan takip etti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli holdinglere y\u00f6nelik kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131, bu konunun hukuki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve uygulamadaki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ciddi bir tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc niteli\u011fi, farkl\u0131 hukuk dallar\u0131na dayanan atama sebepleri, kayy\u0131m\u0131n yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve kararlar\u0131n denetimi gibi unsurlar\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesini zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u015firket y\u00f6netimine kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nmakta; Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu<\/a> (CMK) m. 133, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu<\/a> (TMK) ve T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu<\/a> (TTK) h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131, s\u00fcreci ve etkileri sistematik bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla incelenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu<\/a> (TMSF) eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00f6zel kayy\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131na ve yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na da de\u011finilerek, kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n bu m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir hukuki koruma mekanizmas\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku Kapsam\u0131nda Kayy\u0131m Atanmas\u0131 (CMK m. 133)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u015firket y\u00f6netimine kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu<\/a>\u2019nun 133. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve do\u011frudan soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7la ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve faaliyetlerinin ge\u00e7ici olarak kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan koruma tedbirlerinden biridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

CMK m. 133, su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinde kullan\u0131lan, su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran veya su\u00e7tan kaynaklanan gelirle kurulan ya da y\u00f6netilen \u015firketlere y\u00f6nelik olarak uygulanmakta olup, maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ceza muhakemesinin etkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurulmaktad\u0131r. Kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda sulh ceza h\u00e2kimi<\/strong>, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda ise mahkeme<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan verilmektedir. Tedbirin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi, \u015firketin t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim ve temsil yetkileri, atanan kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmakta; \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n bu yetkiler \u00fczerinde tasarrufu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza muhakemesi kapsam\u0131nda kayy\u0131m atanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle, soru\u015fturulan veya kovu\u015fturulan su\u00e7un, \u015firket faaliyetleriyle do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 genellikle, \u015firketin su\u00e7un arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, su\u00e7tan elde edilen gelirlerin \u015firket b\u00fcnyesinde aklanmas\u0131 veya su\u00e7un \u015firket faaliyetleri \u00fczerinden organize edilmesi \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u015firketin faaliyetlerinin devam etmesinin maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleme riski ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 da h\u00e2kimin takdirinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

CMK m. 133 h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca verilecek kayy\u0131m atama karar\u0131, ancak belirli su\u00e7 tipleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanabilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda; ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar, uyu\u015fturucu ticareti, kara para aklama ve nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi su\u00e7lar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen \u015firketlerin y\u00f6netimine kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131, tedbirin ge\u00e7ici ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmayacak \u015fekilde yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza soru\u015fturmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131nda, s\u0131kl\u0131kla TMSF<\/strong><\/a> kayy\u0131m olarak g\u00f6revlendirilmektedir. TMSF, kayy\u0131m s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u015firketin t\u00fcm y\u00f6netimsel i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte, \u015firket varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumakta ve gerekti\u011finde yeni y\u00f6neticiler atayarak \u015firketin ticari faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu uygulama \u00f6zellikle kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve ekonomik istikrar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131makla birlikte, \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyet ve ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ciddi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirebilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza muhakemesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, CMK h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve Anayasa\u2019da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde itiraz yolu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r<\/strong>. Haks\u0131z veya orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fekilde verilen kayy\u0131m kararlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u015firketin ticari hayat\u0131n\u0131 durma noktas\u0131na getirecek nitelikteyse, ilgili mercilere ba\u015fvurarak karar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talep edilebilmektedir. Uygulamada, bu t\u00fcr itirazlar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in, kayy\u0131m karar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7la \u015firket faaliyetleri aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir gerek\u00e7edir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel Hukuk Kapsam\u0131nda Kayy\u0131m Atamalar\u0131 (TMK ve TTK)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u015eirket y\u00f6netimine kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcrecinde de\u011fil, \u00f6zel hukukun belirli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 olarak da g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. \u00d6zellikle \u015firket organlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flevsiz hale gelmesi, y\u00f6netimsel t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar veya temsilin sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 gibi durumlarda, TMK<\/a> ve TTK<\/a> h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kayy\u0131m tayini s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

TMK<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n 426. ve 427. maddeleri, yasal temsilcinin g\u00f6revini yerine getirememesi ya da bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin gerekli organlar\u0131ndan yoksun kalmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ilgili ki\u015filerin veya pay sahiplerinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle anonim veya limited \u015firketlerde genel kurulun uzun s\u00fcre toplanamamas\u0131, y\u00f6netim kurulunun se\u00e7ilememesi ya da mevcut y\u00f6neticilerin g\u00f6revlerini ifa edememesi gibi vakalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

TTK<\/a> m. 435 ise, anonim \u015firketlerde uzun s\u00fcre genel kurul toplanamamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015firketin feshi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekte; ancak mahkeme, do\u011frudan fesih karar\u0131 vermek yerine, \u015firketin faaliyetlerine devam edebilmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6ncelikle organ eksikli\u011finin giderilmesine y\u00f6nelik tedbir<\/strong> olarak kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131na karar verebilmektedir. Bu uygulama, hem \u015firketin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 hem de az\u0131nl\u0131k pay sahiplerinin menfaatlerinin g\u00f6zetilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki ciddi ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ihtilaflar, \u015firketin y\u00f6netiminde tam bir kilitlenmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da mahkemeden temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131 talep edilebilir. \u00d6zellikle ortaklar aras\u0131nda y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcvensizlik, genel kurul kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131namamas\u0131, \u015firketin ticari i\u015fleyi\u015finin durmas\u0131 gibi durumlar, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fru k\u0131labilecek hukuki gerek\u00e7eler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Bu noktada, mahkemeler \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirme yaparak, \u015firketin menfaatini esas al\u0131r ve kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini somut olay baz\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel hukuk kapsam\u0131nda atanan kayy\u0131m, genellikle ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6rev yapar ve g\u00f6revi yaln\u0131zca belirli bir i\u015flemle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kayy\u0131mlar\u0131n yetkileri, atama karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmekte olup; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca belirli genel kurul kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, ge\u00e7ici y\u00f6netimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da temsilin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak uygulamada, organ eksikli\u011fi veya y\u00f6netimsel kilitlenmelerin uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememesi h\u00e2linde, bu t\u00fcr kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131n\u0131n fiilen kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmesi riski de s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu nedenle mahkemeler, hem atama talebini de\u011ferlendirirken hem de s\u00fcrecin devam\u0131nda, \u015firketin normal i\u015fleyi\u015fine d\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6nemedi\u011fini denetlemeli; kayy\u0131m\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in objektif sebeplerin h\u00e2len mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonu (TMSF) Kayy\u0131ml\u0131klar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

TMSF<\/a>‘nin \u015firket y\u00f6netimlerine kayy\u0131m olarak atanmas\u0131<\/strong>, son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk hukuk ve uygulamas\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir tedbir haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu yetki, \u00f6zellikle su\u00e7 gelirlerinin aklanmas\u0131, ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalarda, \u015firket varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong> amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr atamalar genellikle CMK<\/a> m. 133<\/strong> \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturma i\u015flemlerine dayanmakta; soru\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7un \u015firketle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair kuvvetli \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u015firketin y\u00f6netimi ge\u00e7ici olarak TMSF<\/a>\u2019ye devredilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle 15 Temmuz 2016 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle irtibat\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen \u015firketlere ili\u015fkin olarak verilen kayy\u0131m kararlar\u0131nda TMSF<\/a>\u2019nin kurumsal kapasitesi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

TMSF<\/a>, kayy\u0131m s\u0131fat\u0131yla atanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, yaln\u0131zca \u015firketin ticari faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle kalmamakta; ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firketin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131, mevcut s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin y\u00f6netimini, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesini ve \u015firketin s\u00fcreklili\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu yetki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde TMSF, gerekti\u011finde \u015firketin mevcut y\u00f6neticilerini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmekte, yeni y\u00f6neticiler atayabilmekte veya baz\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli i\u015flemleri y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2023 ve 2024 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle birlikte, TMSF<\/a> kayy\u0131ml\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 daha da geni\u015fletilmi\u015f<\/strong>, kayy\u0131m olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketlerin tasfiye i\u015flemlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctme<\/strong>, genel kurul yetkilerini kullanma<\/strong> ve az\u0131nl\u0131k pay sahiplerinin onay\u0131n\u0131 aramadan stratejik kararlar alma<\/strong> yetkileri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, TMSF<\/a>‘nin yaln\u0131zca bir \u201cemanet\u00e7i\u201d de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda etkin bir y\u00f6netici olarak rol almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f; kamu menfaatinin \u00f6ncelikli olarak g\u00f6zetilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, TMSF<\/a> kayy\u0131ml\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetimi<\/strong> de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Atama kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz mekanizmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olmakla birlikte, \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve y\u00f6neticilerinin, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/strong><\/a> ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi<\/strong><\/a> nezdinde de bireysel ba\u015fvuru haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle orant\u0131s\u0131z ve s\u00fcresi belirsiz kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, bu t\u00fcr denetim yollar\u0131 etkin bir koruma mekanizmas\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

TMSF<\/a>\u2019nin kayy\u0131m olarak atanmas\u0131, baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle farkl\u0131 hukuk dallar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131nda yer almakta; ceza hukuku, idare hukuku ve ticaret hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7ok boyutlu bir de\u011ferlendirmeyi zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu t\u00fcr kayy\u0131ml\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin, yaln\u0131zca yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131yla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hukukun temel ilkeleriyle de uyumlu olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kayy\u0131m Atanmas\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki ve Ticari Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u015eirket y\u00f6netimine kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131, her ne kadar hukuki bir tedbir olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclse de, uygulamada hem \u015firketin kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131 hem de ticari itibar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan derin ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Bu sonu\u00e7lar, kayy\u0131m atanma gerek\u00e7esine, s\u00fcresine ve atanan ki\u015finin yetki kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte, genellikle \u015firketin ola\u011fan i\u015fleyi\u015fine do\u011frudan etki edecek niteliktedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131yla birlikte \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm yetkileri ya ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmakta ya da do\u011frudan kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle CMK m. 133 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan atamalarda, \u015firket ortaklar\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticileri, \u015firketin karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden tamamen d\u0131\u015flanabilmekte; bu durum, ortakl\u0131k hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreyle devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Temsil yetkisinin kayy\u0131ma ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerle yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, mali i\u015flemler ve y\u00f6netsel kararlar, art\u0131k kayy\u0131m\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ticari bak\u0131mdan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ise, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015firketin piyasadaki g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini ve itibari de\u011ferini olumsuz etkiler. \u00d6zellikle kamuoyuna yans\u0131yan soru\u015fturmalarla birlikte yap\u0131lan atamalar, \u015firketin i\u015f ortaklar\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fterileri ve finansal kurulu\u015flar nezdinde riskli bir yap\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu durum, kredi ili\u015fkilerinin daralmas\u0131, ticari s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve i\u015f hacminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f gibi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131 her zaman olumsuz bir tabloyu i\u015faret etmez. Uygun \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve hukuka uygun olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir kayy\u0131m s\u00fcreci, \u015firketin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7sel sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve y\u00f6netimsel istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iyile\u015ftirici bir i\u015flev de g\u00f6rebilir<\/strong>. \u00d6zellikle \u015firket i\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, karar alma kilitlenmelerinin veya k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netimin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi gereken durumlarda, mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan atanan tarafs\u0131z bir kayy\u0131m, \u015firketin menfaatlerine uygun \u015fekilde hareket ederek yeniden i\u015flevsellik kazand\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bu t\u00fcr olumlu etkilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi, kayy\u0131m\u0131n uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve mahkeme denetiminin etkinli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcresi belirsiz ve yetkileri geni\u015f tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015firketin b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyelini s\u0131n\u0131rlamakta ve pay sahiplerinin gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck planlar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 bir yandan ceza adaletinin veya hukuki d\u00fczenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na hizmet ederken, \u00f6te yandan \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle, her somut olayda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, ge\u00e7icilik ve gereklilik ilkeleri<\/strong> dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131; kayy\u0131m uygulamas\u0131, \u015firketin ya\u015fam\u0131na zarar vermeyen bir ge\u00e7ici m\u00fcdahale olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kayy\u0131m Atanmas\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Hukuki Koruma Yollar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131, gerek ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcrecinde gerekse \u00f6zel hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde al\u0131nan bir ge\u00e7ici tedbir niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131sa da, \u015firketin y\u00f6netimsel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve pay sahiplerinin m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu t\u00fcr kararlar hem idari hem de yarg\u0131sal denetime<\/strong> tabi tutulmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki koruma yollar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle CMK<\/a> m. 133<\/strong> uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lan kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, itiraz<\/strong> en temel ba\u015fvuru yoludur. Sulh ceza h\u00e2kimi veya ceza mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen atama kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, karar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde<\/strong> itiraz edilebilir. \u0130tiraz, karar\u0131 veren h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan incelenir ve itiraz\u0131 yerinde g\u00f6rmezse, \u00fcst merci olan a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilir. \u0130tiraz dilek\u00e7esinde, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7la \u015firket faaliyetleri aras\u0131nda yeterli ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tedbirin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu veya maddi ger\u00e7eklikle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi gibi hukuki gerek\u00e7eler yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zel hukuk kapsam\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle TMK<\/a> m. 426 ve 427<\/strong> ile TTK<\/a> m. 435<\/strong> uyar\u0131nca verilen kayy\u0131m atama kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da yarg\u0131 yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr atamalara ili\u015fkin kararlar, tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren iki hafta i\u00e7inde istinaf<\/strong> yoluyla b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesine ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, belirli \u015fartlar olu\u015fmu\u015fsa, temyiz<\/strong> ve hatta Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne bireysel ba\u015fvuru<\/strong> imk\u00e2n\u0131 da do\u011fabilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle ortaklar aras\u0131 yetki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali ya da organ eksikli\u011finin ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yerine kal\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6netime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi durumlar\u0131nda, kayy\u0131m karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde mahkemeye yeniden ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buna ek olarak, kayy\u0131m\u0131n atanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren sebeplerin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, taraflar kayy\u0131m g\u00f6revinin sona erdirilmesini<\/strong> mahkemeden talep edebilir. Bu talep, \u00f6zellikle \u015firketin ola\u011fan i\u015fleyi\u015fine d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131, y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131 veya yarg\u0131lamaya konu olay\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmas\u0131 gibi hallerde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Mahkeme, \u015fartlar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu tespit ederse, g\u00f6revdeki kayy\u0131m\u0131n yetkilerine son verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131 yollar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/strong> <\/a>ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM)<\/strong><\/a> nezdinde de bireysel ba\u015fvuru haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ve ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edildi\u011fi durumlarda, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temelinde bu yollara ba\u015fvurulabilir. Nitekim, A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131nda, \u015firketlere yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalelerin \u201czorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7\u201d kapsam\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve \u201c\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine\u201d uygunluk g\u00f6stermesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, gerek atama \u00f6ncesi ihtimallerin \u00f6nlenmesi gerekse atama sonras\u0131 hak arama yollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde i\u015fletilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, uzman bir hukuk deste\u011fi almak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Zira kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca hukuki de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firketin ekonomik gelece\u011fini ilgilendiren \u00e7ok boyutlu bir meseledir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uygulamada Kayy\u0131m Atamalar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Emsal Kararlar<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131, teorik ve yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evesi kadar, uygulamada \u015fekillenen i\u00e7tihatlarla<\/strong> da \u00f6nem kazanan bir kurumdur. \u00d6zellikle Yarg\u0131tay, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemeleri ve Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen kararlar, hem koruma tedbirinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hem de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesinin ne \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi<\/strong>, \u015firket i\u00e7i y\u00f6netim krizlerinden kaynakl\u0131 olarak TMK ve TTK kapsam\u0131nda verilen kayy\u0131m kararlar\u0131nda, \u00ab\u00a0\u015firketin y\u00f6netilemez hale gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb kriterini aramakta ve yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u00e7in kayy\u0131m tayinini onaylamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 2019 tarihli bir karar\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay, \u201cgenel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen organlar\u0131n yeniden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken do\u011frudan kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketin i\u00e7 i\u015fleyi\u015fine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fcdahale olu\u015fturdu\u011funa<\/em>\u201d h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131<\/strong> ise \u00f6zellikle CMK m. 133 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan atamalarda, su\u00e7la illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131nda delil yeterlili\u011fi, \u015firketin su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fma derecesi ve atanan kayy\u0131m\u0131n yetki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul BAM 1. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 2022 tarihli karar\u0131nda, \u201csadece \u015firket orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7la ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015firketin tamam\u0131n\u0131n kayy\u0131ma devredilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu karar, \u00f6zellikle su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiyle yap\u0131lan toplu kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131n\u0131n bireyselle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan \u00f6nemli bir i\u00e7tihatt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/strong>, bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolu ile \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131 dosyalar\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yapmakta; kayy\u0131m\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli g\u00f6revlendirilmesi ve \u015firket ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 gibi durumlarda ihlal kararlar\u0131 verebilmektedir. 2020 tarihli bir karar\u0131nda AYM, \u201ckayyum atanmas\u0131n\u0131n makul bir s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmamas\u0131, mahkeme denetiminin yetersizli\u011fi ve \u015firketin zarara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olunmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d nedeniyle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi (A\u0130HM)<\/strong> kararlar\u0131nda da benzer yakla\u015f\u0131mlar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A\u0130HM, kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu bir toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7tan kaynaklanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, m\u00fcdahalenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ve denetlenebilir olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 verilen baz\u0131 kararlarda, \u00f6zellikle m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 ve makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015f; tedbirin amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015far \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftirilere konu olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kararlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131n\u0131n keyfi ya da orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararas\u0131 hukuk yollar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak ciddi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ve tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin do\u011fabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, hem kayy\u0131m talebinde bulunan taraflar hem de kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131na muhatap olan \u015firketler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, uygulamadaki yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatle incelenmesi ve stratejik de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

De\u011ferlendirme<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u015eirket y\u00f6netimine kayyum (kayy\u0131m) atanmas\u0131, hem ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcrecinde bir koruma tedbiri olarak hem de \u00f6zel hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda y\u00f6netim bo\u015flu\u011funun giderilmesine y\u00f6nelik ge\u00e7ici bir hukuki m\u00fcdahale arac\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk hukuk sisteminde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu tedbir, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi \u015firketin anayasal g\u00fcvencelerle korunan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve ticari faaliyetine do\u011frudan etki etti\u011finden, istisnai nitelikte olmal\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131 denetim alt\u0131nda uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin delillerin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclse de, uygulamada s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesini zorlayan \u00f6rneklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan \u00f6zel hukukta, \u015firketin faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamak ve ortakl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131, \u015firketin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olumlu etkiler yaratabilmektedir. Ancak bu t\u00fcr m\u00fcdahalelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi, ola\u011fan y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131yla birlikte kayy\u0131m g\u00f6revinin sona erdirilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

TMSF\u2019nin kayy\u0131m olarak atanmas\u0131yla ilgili uygulamalar, ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele ve su\u00e7 gelirlerinin \u00f6nlenmesi<\/a> kapsam\u0131nda kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi odakl\u0131 olmakla birlikte, bu yetkinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde geni\u015flemesi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin zay\u0131flamas\u0131na ve yarg\u0131sal denetimin zedelenmesine yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Bu nedenle, her bir kayy\u0131m atamas\u0131 karar\u0131, sadece yasal dayanaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hukukun genel ilkeleri – \u00f6zellikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, gereklilik ve ge\u00e7icilik – \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ve A\u0130HM kararlar\u0131 da g\u00f6stermektedir ki, \u015firketlere y\u00f6nelik kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131, ancak zorunlu h\u00e2llerde ve somut gerek\u00e7elere dayan\u0131larak uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde, bu t\u00fcr tedbirlerin \u015firketlerin yat\u0131r\u0131m ortam\u0131na, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f piyasadaki itibar\u0131na ve ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkilerine kal\u0131c\u0131 zararlar verme riski do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu, gerek ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde gerekse \u00f6zel hukuk kaynakl\u0131 uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda, kayy\u0131m atamalar\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi, iptali ya da sona erdirilmesi gibi konularda kapsaml\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ve temsil hizmeti sunarak, m\u00fcvekkillerinin ticari haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumaya y\u00f6nelik profesyonel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eirket y\u00f6netim ve denetimine kayyum (kayy\u0131m) atama, T\u00fcrk hukuk sisteminde hem ceza muhakemesi hem de \u00f6zel hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda ba\u015fvurulabilen istisnai bir m\u00fcdahale y\u00f6ntemidir. \u015eirketin faaliyetlerinin kamu d\u00fczeni, ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 veya i\u00e7 y\u00f6netimsel krizler nedeniyle ge\u00e7ici olarak kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu uygulama, \u015firketin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin – kayy\u0131m\u0131- getirilmesi \u015feklinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":21815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,740,793,744,742],"tags":[14463,14475,14464,14451,14506,14503,14521,14487,14444,14447,14471,14448,14518,14527,14501,14499,14513,14476,14491,14492,14490,14489,14460,14457,14526,14496,14524,14517,14507,14474,14523,14461,14439,14488,14462,14469,14505,14509,14467,14510,14486,14484,14482,14508,14498,14515,14530,14514,14511,14480,14443,14483,14481,14442,14472,14519,14452,14454,14477,14495,14493,14500,14478,14458,14453,14466,14516,14525,14522,14520,14504,14494,14465,14512,14470,14438,14440,14437,14456,14468,14441,14532,14502,14455,13598,14529,14473,14531,12210,14445,14449,14446,14497,14459,14450,14528,14479,14485],"class_list":["post-6548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilgilendirme","category-ceza-hukuku","category-gorusler","category-sirketler-hukuku","category-ticaret-hukuku","tag-aihm-kayyim-kararlari","tag-aile-sirketi-kayyum","tag-anayasa-mahkemesi-kayyim-karari","tag-anonim-sirkete-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-aras-kargo-kayyim","tag-argi-uzerinden-siyaseti-dizayn","tag-azinlik-hisselerinin-sahiplerinin-rizasi","tag-belediye-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-ceza-hukukunda-kayyim","tag-ceza-muhakemesi-kayyim","tag-ceza-sorusturmasi-sirket","tag-cmk-133-kayyim","tag-cokme-plani","tag-cumhuriyet-bassavciligi-kayyum","tag-delilsiz-itham","tag-devlet-denetleme-kurulu","tag-egitim-kurumu-kayyum-atamasi","tag-ekrem-imamoglu-kayyum","tag-el-konulan-sirket-satisi","tag-el-konulan-sirket-tavsiyesi","tag-el-konulan-sirket-yonetimi","tag-eror-finansoru-sirket","tag-gecici-yonetici-atanmasi","tag-genel-kurul-toplanamiyor","tag-hasan-imamoglu","tag-hazineye-irat","tag-ihaleye-fesat-karistirma-sorusturmasi","tag-imamoglu-insaat-kayyum","tag-istanbul-buyuksehir-belediyesi-sirket-kayyim","tag-kaynak-holding-kayyum","tag-kayyim-atama-karari","tag-kayyim-atamasina-itiraz","tag-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-kayyim-darbesi","tag-kayyim-karari-kaldirma","tag-kayyim-karari-yargi-denetimi","tag-kayyim-tayinine-iliskin-karar","tag-kayyim-uygulama-alanlari","tag-kayyimin-yetkileri-ve-gorevleri","tag-kayyum-atama-etkileri","tag-kayyum-atama-karari-kaldirilmasi","tag-kayyum-atama-karari-kaldirma","tag-kayyum-atama-sartlari","tag-kayyum-atama-sureci","tag-kayyum-atama-yetkisi","tag-kayyum-atamanin-finansal-sonuclari","tag-kayyum-atanma-riski","tag-kayyum-atanmasi-islemi","tag-kayyum-atanmasina-karar","tag-kayyum-hangi-durumlarda-atanir","tag-kayyum-ile-kayyim-farki","tag-kayyum-karari-kaldirilmasi","tag-kayyum-kim-atiyor","tag-kayyum-nedir","tag-koza-ipek-holding-kayyum","tag-kuvvetli-suphe-varligi","tag-limited-sirkete-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-mahkeme-karariyla-kayyim-atamasi","tag-mal-mulk-cokme","tag-malvarligi-degerleri-musaderesi","tag-malvarligi-degerlerine-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-mesnetsiz-suc-isnadi","tag-nuhoglu-insaat","tag-organ-eksikligi-kayyim","tag-ortaklik-anlasmazligi-kayyim","tag-ozel-hukukta-kayyim","tag-rusanadolu-efes-rusya-sirket-kayyum","tag-rusvet-sorusturmasi","tag-signa-holding-gmbh-kayyim","tag-sirket-genel-kurul-yetkileri","tag-sirket-islerinin-yurutulmesi-kayyim","tag-sirket-musaderesi","tag-sirket-ortaklari-arasi-anlasmazlik","tag-sirket-yonetici-suistimal-bulunmasi","tag-sirket-yonetimi-kriz","tag-sirket-yonetimine-kayyim-atama","tag-sirket-yonetimine-kayyim-atanmasi","tag-sirket-yonetimine-kayyum-atama","tag-sirketin-yonetilememesi","tag-sirketlere-el-konulmasi","tag-sirketlere-kayyum-atama","tag-sisli-kayyum","tag-siyasi-talimatli-sorusturma","tag-suc-gelirleri-ve-kayyim-atamasi","tag-suctan-kaynaklanan-malvarligi-degerlerini-aklama","tag-sulh-ceza-hakimligi-kayyum","tag-tasarruf-mevduati-sigorta-fonu","tag-teror-sorusturmasi-nedeniyle-kayyum","tag-terorizmin-finansmaninin-onlenmesi","tag-ticaret-hukukunda-kayyim","tag-tmk-426-kayyim","tag-tmsf-kayyim-atamasi","tag-tmsf-olaganustu-yetki","tag-tmsf-sirket-yonetimi","tag-ttk-435-kayyim","tag-yolsuzluk-iddialari-kayyum","tag-yonetim-yetkisi-devir","tag-yonetime-kayyum-atanmasi"],"yoast_head":"\n\u015eirket 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