Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesi 2017\/3811 esas no ve 2018\/1402 karar nolu karar\u0131nda bilimsel eserden al\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak karar\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\nSoru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evresinde tutuklama talep edilmesi halinde m\u00fcdafiilik zorunludur (Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak, Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku, 3. bask\u0131, syf. 191).<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n
T.C.
\nYarg\u0131tay
\n16. Ceza Dairesi<\/h3>\n<\/div>\nEsas No:2017\/3811<\/strong>
\nKarar No:2018\/1402<\/strong>
\nK. Tarihi:17.4.2018<\/strong><\/p>\nMahkemesi :Ceza Dairesi
\nSu\u00e7 : Silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye olma
\nH\u00fck\u00fcm : 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’n\u0131n 314\/2. maddesi, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 5\/1. maddesi, TCK’n\u0131n 62, 53, 58\/9 ve 63. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca mahkumiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine (her iki san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131)B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm temyiz edilmekle;
\nTemyiz edenin s\u0131fat\u0131, ba\u015fvurunun s\u00fcresi, karar\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve temyiz sebebine g\u00f6re dosya incelendi, gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc;
\nTemyiz talebinin reddi nedenleri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi;
\nVicdani kan\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu duru\u015fma s\u00fcrecini yans\u0131tan tutanaklar, belgeler ve gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan incelemede;
\nI-San\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda kurulan mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan;1-Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Dairemizin 29.11.2017 tarih ve 2017\/2257 Esas 2017\/5509 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;
\nSilahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lma istemi ile a\u00e7\u0131lan davada tutuklu yarg\u0131lanan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkemede m\u00fcdafiisi olmadan dinlenildi\u011fi;
\nM\u00fcdafii; \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ceza muhakemesinde savunmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan avukat\u0131 ifade eder. (CMK m. 2\/1-c)
\nM\u00fcdafiilik ihtiyari veya zorunlu olabilir. 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK, ki\u015fisel savunmada kural olarak ihtiyari m\u00fcdafiilik sistemini benimsemi\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 baz\u0131 hallerde ise ki\u015filerin kendilerini yeterince savunamayacaklar\u0131 ve kamusal bir kurum olan savunman\u0131n zaafa u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul\u00fcnden hareketle zorunlu m\u00fcdafiilik sistemini getirmi\u015ftir. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK ise zorunlu m\u00fcdafiilik sistemini, istisna olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kararak adeta kural haline getirecek derecede geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir (CGK.17.02.2009 t.2008\/1-172 E. 2009\/26 K.).
\n\u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda bir veya birden fazla m\u00fcdafiin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanabilir. M\u00fcdafiiyi kendisi ya da kanuni temsilcisi se\u00e7ebilir. M\u00fcdafii se\u00e7ebilecek durumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ederse, istemi halinde bir m\u00fcdafii g\u00f6revlendirilir. Bu haller iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcdafiiliktir. Kanunumuz baz\u0131 hallerde ise zorunlu m\u00fcdafiili\u011fi benimsemi\u015ftir. Bu durum Ceza Genel Kurulunun g\u00fcndemine bir\u00e7ok kez gelmi\u015ftir.
\nAyr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Dairemizce de benimsenen Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 06.12.2016 tarih ve 2016\/17-939, 2016\/465 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; \u201c\u00e2\u20ac\u00a65271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’ya g\u00f6re; m\u00fcdafii bulunmayan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n; \u00e7ocuk, kendini savunamayacak derecede malul veya sa\u011f\u0131r ve dilsiz olmas\u0131 (CMK’n\u0131n 150\/2. maddesi), soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma konusu su\u00e7un cezas\u0131n\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmesi (CMK’n\u0131n 150\/3. maddesi), resmi bir kurumda kusur yetene\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlem alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verilecek olmas\u0131 (CMK’n\u0131n 74\/2 maddesi), tutuklama talebiyle mahkemeye sevk edilmesi (CMK’n\u0131n 101\/3. maddesi), davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n duru\u015fman\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini tehlikeye sokaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yoklu\u011funda duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 (CMK’n\u0131n 204\/1. maddesinde) ve ka\u00e7ak san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 (CMK’n\u0131n 247\/4. maddesinde) hallerinde, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n istemi bulunmasa, hatta a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a m\u00fcdafii istemedi\u011fini beyan etse bile m\u00fcdafii g\u00f6revlendirme zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\n5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’n\u0131n 101\/3 maddesi gere\u011fince g\u00f6revlendirilmesi gereken m\u00fcdafiinin, zorunlu m\u00fcdafii kapsam\u0131nda kabul edilip edilmeyece\u011fi ve temyiz sebebi olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde temyiz incelemesine konu olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda teredd\u00fctler bulundu\u011fundan sorunun yasal d\u00fczenlemeler, taraf oldu\u011fumuz s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, uygulama ve doktrin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.
\nAdil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 36\/1. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, me\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan faydalanmak suretiyle yarg\u0131 merciileri \u00f6n\u00fcnde davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 olarak iddia ve savunma ile\u00a0adil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131na sahiptir Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u201cAdil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 6\/1. maddesinde de; \u201cHerkes davas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6 cezai alanda kendisine y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n esas\u0131 konusunda karar verecek olan, yasayla kurulmu\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan,\u00a0adil\u00a0ve kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k olarak, \u00e2\u20ac\u00a6 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini isteme hakk\u0131na sahiptir… denilerek teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAdil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0muhtevas\u0131, savunma ve m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanma hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u00e7 hukukumuzun da bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6\/3-c maddesinde belirlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, bir su\u00e7 ile itham edilen herkes, kendisini bizzat savunmak veya se\u00e7ece\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafiin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanmak; e\u011fer avukat tutmak i\u00e7in gerekli maddi olanaklardan yoksun ise ve adaletin yerine gelmesi i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, resen atanacak bir avukat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz olarak yararlanabilmek hakk\u0131na sahiptir. An\u0131lan madde gere\u011fince, bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fi savunma\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda, kendisini bizzat savunma, se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma ve bir m\u00fcdafii tayin etme imkan\u0131ndan yoksun ise ve adaletin selameti i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse re’sen atanacak bir m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 hakka sahiptir. Bu nedenle, su\u00e7 isnad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015finin kendisini bizzat savunmas\u0131 talep edilemez. Savunma\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0etkin bir \u015fekilde kullanma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma hakk\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda\u00a0adil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0di\u011fer bir unsuru olan \u201csilahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinin de gere\u011fidir (Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, Pakelli\/Federal Almanya Davas\u0131, B. No: 8398\/78, 25\/4\/1983).
\nG\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir avukat\u0131n haz\u0131r bulunmamas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak, A\u0130HM, her san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, gerekiyorsa resmi olarak g\u00f6revlendirilen bir avukat taraf\u0131ndan etkili bir \u015fekilde savunulmas\u0131\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0adil\u00a0yarg\u0131laman\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerinden birisi oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r (Salduz, Poitrimol-Fransa, 23 Kas\u0131m 1993 ve Demebukov-Bulgaristan, ba\u015fvuru no: 68020\/01, 28 \u015eubat 2008).
\nKural olarak, san\u0131\u011fa, polis taraf\u0131ndan ifadesinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya tutuklu olarak yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren avukat yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma imkan\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Dayanan\/T\u00fcrkiye davas\u0131, ba\u015fvuru no:7377\/03).
\nAdil\u00a0yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yer alan m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanmadan vazge\u00e7menin ge\u00e7erli ve etkin olabilmesi i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 itibariyle asgari garantileri i\u00e7ermesi, \u00f6nemli hi\u00e7bir kamu menfaatine ters d\u00fc\u015fmemesi ve vazge\u00e7menin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n makul olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilece\u011finin ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekir (Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, Salduz\/T\u00fcrkiye Davas\u0131, B. No: 36391\/02, 27\/11\/2008; Talat Tun\u00e7\/T\u00fcrkiye Davas\u0131, B. No: 32432\/96, 27\/3\/2007). Ne var ki; Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, baz\u0131 durumlarda ki\u015finin talebi olmasa da, resen \u00fccretsiz olarak avukat tayin edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. Ki\u015finin imkan\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7lama nedeniyle alabilece\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren bir ceza ve davan\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, avukat yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir hukuki menfaati ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r (Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, Talat Tun\u00e7\/T\u00fcrkiye Davas\u0131, B. No: 32432\/96, 27\/3\/2007).
\nBu c\u00fcmleden olarak, kanun koyucu bir su\u00e7 isnad\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, m\u00fcdafii yard\u0131m\u0131ndan faydalanmak hakk\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vazge\u00e7mesi halinde dahi adaletin selameti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan re’sen bir m\u00fcdafiin atanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK’da tahdidi olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.
\nCMK 101\/3 maddesindeki zorunlu m\u00fcdafiili\u011fin hukuki niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda doktrindeki bir k\u0131s\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ise \u015f\u00f6yledir:
\nKanunda kendisini su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 ifade vermeme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesini sa\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvence m\u00fcdafiiden yararlanma hakk\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zalt\u0131nda m\u00fcdafiinin yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanamayan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisini su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 ifadesi aleyhine delil olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. (Osman Do\u011fru-Atilla Nalbant \u0130HAS, 2012 bask\u0131, syf. 864)
\nMecburi m\u00fcdafiilik halleri …m\u00fcdafiisiz tutuklama yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz (CMK. 101\/3). … CMK’n\u0131n 102. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tutuklulu\u011fu uzatma kararlar\u0131, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k ile m\u00fcdafiinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra verilir (CMK. 102\/3). (\u00dcnver\/Hakeri, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku 3. bask\u0131 syf. 222)
\nSavunma, toplumun su\u00e7tan sorumlu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle muhakemenin vazge\u00e7ilmez unsuru oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, en az\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7larda m\u00fcdafii bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Nitekim Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu \u00f6nce sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan (CMK. 150\/2) ve g\u00f6zlem alt\u0131na almada (CMK. 74\/2) kabul edilmi\u015f olan mecburi m\u00fcdafiili\u011fi yerinde bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir (CMK. 101\/3, 150\/3). (Yenisey\/Nuho\u011flu, CMK. 4. bask\u0131, syf. 202). Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda (Kunter, Yenisey\/Nuho\u011flu CMH. 18. bask\u0131, syf. 415).
\nYasa koyucu belli hallerde m\u00fcdafii mecburiyeti \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu hallerde m\u00fcdafiinin i\u015flemlerde haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 adalet gere\u011fidir. \u015eu hallerde m\u00fcdafii mecburiyeti bulunmaktad\u0131r; …san\u0131\u011f\u0131n\/\u015f\u00fcphelinin tutuklanma talebiyle sorguya sevk edilmesi (CMK. 91\/7, 101\/3), bu hallerde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n istemine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n barodan m\u00fcdafii g\u00f6revlendirilmesi istenir (Centel\/Zafer CMK. 14. bask\u0131, syf. 200).
\nKanunun \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde genel nitelikteki bu h\u00fck\u00fcmden ba\u015fka, sadece belli i\u015flemler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere zorunlu m\u00fcdafiilik s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir. (\u00d6rne\u011fin; CMK. 74\/2, 91\/7, 101\/3, 204, 244\/4, 247\/3) bu hallerde zorunlu m\u00fcdafiilik i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olan genel \u015fartlar aranmayacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131, zihni veya fiziki durumu, su\u00e7un cezas\u0131 ve miktar\u0131 ne olursa olsun m\u00fcdafii g\u00f6revlendirilecektir (Cumhur \u015eahin, CMUH. 1. cilt, 7. bask\u0131, syf. 197).
\nSoru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evresinde tutuklama talep edilmesi halinde m\u00fcdafiilik zorunludur (Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak, Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku, 3. bask\u0131, syf. 191).
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutuklamaya sevkte, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda tutuklu olarak yarg\u0131lamada m\u00fcdafii bulundurulmas\u0131n\u0131n, ceza s\u00fcresi gibi di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmayan bir zorunluluk oldu\u011fu hususunda doktrinde tam bir ittifak bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nCeza Usul Hukukumuzda, tutuklu bulunan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k, soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma evrelerinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda sal\u0131verilmesini isteyebilir (CMK. 104\/1). Talep olmasa dahi soru\u015fturma evresinde en ge\u00e7 30’ar g\u00fcnl\u00fck aral\u0131klarla tutukluluk halinin devam\u0131n\u0131n gerekip gerekmeyece\u011fi hususunda karar verilir. Kovu\u015fturma evresinde ise, hakim veya mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan her oturumda veya ko\u015fullar gerekti\u011finde oturumlar aras\u0131nda ya da birinci f\u0131krada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde re’sen karar verilir (CMK. 108. m). Di\u011fer taraftan tutuklulukta ge\u00e7ecek azami s\u00fcreler 102. maddede g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olup, uzatma karar\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k ile m\u00fcdafiinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra verilecektir.
\nBu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle tutukluluk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda sadece soru\u015fturmada de\u011fil, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da m\u00fcdafiin bulunmas\u0131 ve tutukluluk hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011funa i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Zira g\u00f6zlem alt\u0131na al\u0131nma ve tutuklamaya sevk gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvenlik\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0k\u0131s\u0131tlanma tehlikesinin do\u011fdu\u011fu anda m\u00fcdafii zorunlulu\u011funa i\u015faret eden kanun koyucunun, tehlikenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131ndan sonra m\u00fcdafiinin gerekmeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle hareket etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcne olanak yoktur. \u0130lk tutuklama karar\u0131na g\u00f6re aleyhine artan \u015f\u00fcphe sebepleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hukuki durumu ve savunma haz\u0131rlama, delillere eri\u015fme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iddia makam\u0131na nazaran sahip oldu\u011fu imkanlar\u0131 itibariyle fiili durumu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n tutuklulu\u011fun devam\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da m\u00fcdafiin hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131ndan etkili bir \u015fekilde faydalanmas\u0131n\u0131n, adaletin selameti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir zorunluluk oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc \u201cevleviyet ilkesi nin bir gere\u011fidir.
\nBu zorunlulu\u011fa uyulmamas\u0131n\u0131n temyizen inceleme konusu yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na gelince;
\nCMK’n\u0131n, \u201cDuru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunacaklar kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 188\/1. maddesinde; Duru\u015fmada, h\u00fckme kat\u0131lacak hakimler ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 ile zab\u0131t katibinin ve kanunun zorunlu m\u00fcdafiili\u011fi kabul etti\u011fi hallerde m\u00fcdafiinin haz\u0131r bulanmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. denilmek suretiyle duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 gerekenler g\u00f6sterilirken zorunlu m\u00fcdafiide muhakeme heyetinden saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nCMK 289. maddesinin 1-a-e bendlerinde, hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k halleri i\u00e7inde, mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ile Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 veya duru\u015fmada kanunen mutlaka haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 gereken ki\u015filerin yoklu\u011funda duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Temyiz denetiminde bu madde kapsam\u0131ndaki hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar temyiz kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmasa da res’en incelenecektir. (CMK 289\/1) Hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k hallerinde, h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce verilen mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, temyiz incelemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden h\u00fckme esas te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011finin de bir \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
\nBu itibarla, mahkemenin kanuna uygun olarak te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 do\u011frudan \u015fart ko\u015fulan zorunlu m\u00fcdafiin g\u00f6revlendirilmemesinin, CMK 289. maddesinin 1-a-e bendleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda hukuka kesin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan usul\u00fcne uygun a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir temyiz davas\u0131nda temyiz kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmasa da res’en incelenmesi gerekecektir.
\nSomut olayda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fcyeli\u011fi su\u00e7undan CMK’n\u0131n 101\/3 maddesi gere\u011fince tutuklamaya sevk edilip tutuklu olarak yarg\u0131lanan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda kendisinin se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir m\u00fcdafii bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi CMK’n\u0131n 156. maddesi gere\u011fince re’sen m\u00fcdafii g\u00f6revlendirilmeyerek bulundu\u011fu hal nedeniyle, delillere eri\u015fme ve savunma haz\u0131rlama imkanlar\u0131 itibariyle \u00e7eli\u015fmeli yarg\u0131laman\u0131n gere\u011fi olan \u201csilahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinin ve Anayasan\u0131n 36, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 6. maddeleri ile teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan\u00a0adil\u00a0yarg\u0131lama\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0ihlali sonucunu do\u011furacak bi\u00e7imde, adaletin selameti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli olan m\u00fcdafiinin hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmadan yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131l\u0131p sorgusu tespit edilmek ve h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmak suretiyle savunma\u00a0hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacak bi\u00e7imde CMK 101\/3, 188\/1 ve 289\/1-a-e maddelerine muhalefet edilmesi;
\n2-Kabul ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re de;
\nDairemizin 24.04.2017 tarih 2015\/3 esas 2017\/3 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilk derece karar\u0131nda ve 14.07.2017 tarih 2017\/1143 – 4758 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funa karar verilen FET\u00d6\/PDY yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na \u00fcyelikten h\u00fck\u00fcm verilirken, h\u00fck\u00fcm f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1 maddesinde silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine uygulama imkan\u0131 bulunmayan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7\/1 maddesi yollamas\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek h\u00fck\u00fcmle, gerek\u00e7e aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki yarat\u0131lmas\u0131,II-San\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda kurulan mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan;
\n1-Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 26.09.2017 tarih, 2017\/16-956 esas ve 2017\/970 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile onanarak kesinle\u015fen, Dairemizin ilk derece mahkemesi s\u0131fat\u0131yla verdi\u011fi 24.04.2017 tarih, 2015\/3 esas, 2017\/3 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ve Dairemizce de benimsenen, istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f yarg\u0131sal kararlarda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere;
\n\u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi, \u00f6rg\u00fct amac\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131s\u0131na dahil olan ve bu suretle verilecek g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmak \u00fczere kendi iradesini \u00f6rg\u00fct iradesine terk eden ki\u015fidir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi, \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131lmay\u0131, ba\u011flanmay\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fcte hakim olan hiyerar\u015fik g\u00fcc\u00fcn emrine girmeyi ifade etmektedir. \u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi \u00f6rg\u00fctle organik ba\u011f kurup faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Organik ba\u011f, canl\u0131, ge\u00e7i\u015fken, etkin, faili emir ve talimat almaya a\u00e7\u0131k tutan ve hiyerar\u015fik konumunu tespit eden ba\u011f olup, \u00fcyeli\u011fin en \u00f6nemli unsurudur. \u00d6rg\u00fcte yard\u0131mda veya \u00f6rg\u00fct ad\u0131na su\u00e7 i\u015flemede de, \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6neticileri veya di\u011fer mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n emir ya da talimatlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fini belirlemede ay\u0131rt edici fark, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rg\u00fct hiyerar\u015fisi dahilinde verilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emir ve talimat\u0131 sorgulamaks\u0131z\u0131n tamamen teslimiyet duygusuyla yerine getirmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6ylece ifa etmesidir.
\nSilahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcyelik su\u00e7unun olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctle organik ba\u011f kurulmas\u0131 ve kural olarak s\u00fcreklilik, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve yo\u011funluk gerektiren eylem ve faaliyetlerin bulunmas\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Ancak niteli\u011fi, i\u015fleni\u015f bi\u00e7imi, meydana gelen zarar ve tehlikenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn amac\u0131 ve menfaatlerine katk\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle s\u00fcreklilik, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve yo\u011funluk \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmasa da ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenebilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n faillerinin de \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekir. \u00d6rg\u00fcte sadece sempati duymak ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, de\u011ferlerini, ideolojisini benimsemek, buna ili\u015fkin yay\u0131nlar\u0131 okumak, bulundurmak, \u00f6rg\u00fct liderine sayg\u0131 duymak gibi eylemler \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. (Evik, C\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, Syf 383 vd.)
\n\u00d6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesinin, \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek kat\u0131lmas\u0131, kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn niteli\u011fini ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi, onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmay\u0131 istemesi, kat\u0131lma iradesinin devaml\u0131l\u0131k arz etmesi gerekir. \u00d6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan kimse, bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte girerken \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kanunun su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiilleri i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct oldu\u011funu bilerek \u00fcye olmak kast\u0131 ve iradesiyle hareket etmelidir. Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7u i\u00e7in de saikin su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131 olmas\u0131 aran\u0131r. (Toroslu \u00f6zel k\u0131s\u0131m syf.263-266, Alacakaptan C\u00fcr\u00fcm \u0130\u015flemek \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6rg\u00fct syf.28, \u00d6zgen\u00e7 Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler syf.280)
\nBu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;
\nKurulu\u015f, ama\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fct yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve faaliyet y\u00f6ntemleri Dairemizin 2015\/3 E.sy.karar\u0131nda anlat\u0131lan ve nihai amac\u0131, Devletin Anayasal nizam\u0131n\u0131 cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan FET\u00d6\/PDY ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir ahlak ve e\u011fitim hareketi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve toplumun her katman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimince de b\u00f6yle alg\u0131lanmas\u0131, amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in her yolu m\u00fcbah g\u00f6ren fakat s\u00f6zde me\u015fruiyetini sivil alanda dinden, kamusal alanda ise hukuktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi vermek i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00fcce ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar alenen kriminalize olmamaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermesi ger\u00e7e\u011fi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2009-2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda … … isimli bankada hesap a\u00e7an ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n incelenmesinde 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar hesab\u0131nda periyodik art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct liderinin talimat\u0131 \u00fczerine hesap a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na ya da var olan hesab\u0131nda \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerinde beklenmeyen bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa dair bir emareye rastlan\u0131lmamas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunmas\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi faaliyetlerinin 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesine rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra \u00f6rg\u00fctle irtibat\u0131n\u0131n devam ettirdi\u011fine dair bir bilgi ve belgenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funu ispat etmeye yeterli \u00f6rg\u00fctsel eylemlerinin dosya kapsam\u0131nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraati yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi;
\n2-Kabul ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re de;
\nDairemizin 24.04.2017 tarih 2015\/3 esas 2017\/3 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilk derece karar\u0131nda ve 14.07.2017 tarih 2017\/1143 – 4758 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funa karar verilen FET\u00d6\/PDY yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na \u00fcyelikten h\u00fck\u00fcm verilirken, h\u00fck\u00fcm f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1 maddesinde silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine uygulama imkan\u0131 bulunmayan 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7\/1 maddesi yollamas\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek h\u00fck\u00fcmle, gerek\u00e7e aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki yarat\u0131lmas\u0131,Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n temyiz itirazlar\u0131 bu nedenlerle yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fundan bu sebepten dolay\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn BOZULMASINA, verilen ceza miktar\u0131, mevcut delillerin durumu ve tutuklulukta ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcre dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131k …’\u0131n tahliye talebinin reddine, 17.04.2018 tarihinde oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesi 2017\/3811 esas no ve 2018\/1402 karar nolu evrak\u0131nda B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk avukatlar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. Vahit BI\u00c7AK’\u0131n \u00ab\u00a0Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku\u00a0\u00bb kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak karar\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[174,245,611,612,328,610,229,609,608,3371],"class_list":["post-15464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duyurular","tag-bicak","tag-bicak-hukuk","tag-mudafilik","tag-suc-muhakemesi","tag-suc-muhakemesi-hukuku","tag-tutuklama","tag-vahit-bicak","tag-yargitay","tag-yargitay-16-ceza-dairesi","tag-yargitay-kararina-dayanak"],"yoast_head":"\n
Yarg\u0131tay'dan "Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku" Kitab\u0131na At\u0131f | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yarg\u0131tay B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk kurucusu Pof Dr Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak'\u0131n "Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku" kitab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 karar\u0131na dayanak yapt\u0131\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/fr\/yargitay-16-ceza-dairesinde-bir-kararinda-suc-muhakemesi-hukuku-kitabimiza-atif-yapti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yarg\u0131tay'dan "Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi Hukuku" Kitab\u0131na At\u0131f %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yarg\u0131tay 16. 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