{"id":33465,"date":"2026-11-08T14:00:23","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T11:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=33465"},"modified":"2026-11-08T14:37:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T11:37:47","slug":"hukumlulerin-ulkeler-arasi-nakli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/hukumlulerin-ulkeler-arasi-nakli\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Nakli"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ceza adaletinin uluslararas\u0131 boyut kazanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/a> ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda<\/a> de\u011fil, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131nda da devletler aras\u0131nda i\u015f birli\u011fini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir ki\u015finin yabanc\u0131 bir devlette mahk\u00fbm edilmesi ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 kendi vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu devlette \u00e7ekmek istemesi, farkl\u0131 hukuk sistemlerinin ayn\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet \u00fczerindeki yetkilerinin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan ki\u015finin, cezas\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir devlette \u00e7ekebilmesi amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen uluslararas\u0131 adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemidir. Kurumun temelinde h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal rehabilitasyonu, aile ve toplum ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131nda insan odakl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n benimsenmesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bununla birlikte h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn istedi\u011fi devlete g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flayan ko\u015fulsuz bir hak veya yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine imk\u00e2n veren ola\u011fan bir kanun yolu de\u011fildir. Nakil i\u015flemi; h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin, infaz devletinin ve kural olarak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn iradelerini bir araya getiren, kanuni ve uluslararas\u0131 ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, esas olarak 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza\u00ee Konularda Uluslararas\u0131 Adl\u00ee \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Kanunu<\/a>‘nun 30\u201333. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, T\u00fcrkiye’ye h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklini, T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete nakli ve yabanc\u0131 devlette infaz\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ve ikili antla\u015fmalar da uygulanacak hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, yaln\u0131zca nakil \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Yabanc\u0131 cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi, infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ile uyarlama aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r, birden fazla mahk\u00fbmiyetin birlikte infaz\u0131, m\u00fcddetname, mahsup, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme ve nakil \u00f6ncesi bilgilendirme gibi konular uygulamada belirleyici \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklini T\u00fcrk hukuku ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde incelemekte; mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirerek uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca hukuki sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm odakl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m geli\u015ftirmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM I – H\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dc NAKL\u0130N\u0130N KAVRAMSAL \u00c7ER\u00c7EVES\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

1. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Nakli Kavram\u0131 ve Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, bir devlet mahkemesince hakk\u0131nda kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilen ve ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan ki\u015finin, cezas\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz infaz edilmemi\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir devlette \u00e7ekmesi amac\u0131yla fiziken bu devlete g\u00f6nderilmesidir. <\/span>Bu ili\u015fkide mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131 veren devlet h\u00fck\u00fcm devleti<\/strong>, cezan\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenen devlet ise infaz devleti<\/strong> veya uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde kullan\u0131lan ifadeyle yerine getiren devlet<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naklin konusu, kural olarak kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle hen\u00fcz hakk\u0131nda kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 bulunmayan tutuklunun ba\u015fka bir devlete g\u00f6nderilmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda kendili\u011finden de\u011ferlendirilemez. <\/span>H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi, mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden cezan\u0131n infaz edilece\u011fi devletin de\u011fi\u015fmesidir. H\u00fck\u00fcm devleti taraf\u0131ndan verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130nfaz devleti ise kendisine tan\u0131nan yetki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde cezan\u0131n yerine getirilmesini sa\u011flar. <\/span>Bu nedenle nakil, ne yeni bir mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi ne de h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn su\u00e7lulu\u011funun yeniden belirlenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bununla birlikte farkl\u0131 ceza ve infaz sistemleri aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, naklin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca hukuki de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Naklinin Di\u011fer Adl\u00ee \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Y\u00f6ntemlerinden Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fi, ceza\u00ee konularda devletlerin adl\u00ee makamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemleri kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu alt\u0131 makalelik seride adl\u00ee yard\u0131mla\u015fma, iade, soru\u015fturman\u0131n devri<\/a>, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri<\/a>, infaz\u0131n devri<\/a> ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli ayr\u0131 inceleme konular\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli ile su\u00e7lular\u0131n iadesi<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki temel fark, i\u015flemin amac\u0131 ve hukuki niteli\u011fidir. \u0130adede ki\u015fi, soru\u015fturma, kovu\u015fturma veya mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131 amac\u0131yla talep eden devlete teslim edilir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde ise kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ama\u00e7 cezan\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir devlette yerine getirilmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli ile infaz\u0131n devri<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m daha hassast\u0131r. Her iki kurum da yabanc\u0131 bir mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir devletle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak infaz edilmesine ili\u015fkindir. Ancak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde ki\u015fi, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinde ceza infaz kurumunda bulunurken infaz devletine fiziken g\u00f6nderilir. \u0130nfaz\u0131n devrinde ise mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz yetkisinin devral\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir; ki\u015finin mutlaka h\u00fck\u00fcm devletindeki ceza infaz kurumundan nakledilmesi gerekmez. <\/span>Bu ayr\u0131m yaln\u0131zca kavramsal de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda infaz\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‘un 26-29. maddeleri ile h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin 30-33. maddeleri farkl\u0131 usuller \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. \u00d6zellikle yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin uyarlanmas\u0131 konusunda bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi zorunludur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soru\u015fturman\u0131n ve kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde<\/strong> hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir mahk\u00fbmiyetin bulunmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde ise kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet ve infaz a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 temel ko\u015fullard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Naklinin Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Temel \u0130lkeleri<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca amac\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal rehabilitasyonuna katk\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ki\u015finin dilini bildi\u011fi, ailesinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sosyal ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilece\u011fi ve tahliye sonras\u0131nda yeniden topluma kat\u0131lma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir devlette cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi, infaz\u0131n iyile\u015ftirici ve topluma kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flevini destekleyebilir. <\/span>Ancak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya aile ba\u011flar\u0131, naklin her durumda yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. Somut olayda ki\u015finin yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam\u0131, aile ili\u015fkileri, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu, toplumsal ba\u011flar\u0131 ve tahliye sonras\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nakil, cezan\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn daha hafif bir cezaya kavu\u015fmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Sosyal rehabilitasyon amac\u0131 ile kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi birlikte g\u00f6zetilmelidir. <\/span>Kurumun di\u011fer temel ilkeleri, devletler aras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven, hukuki g\u00fcvenlik, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bilgilendirilmesi, kural olarak r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve infaz\u0131n hukuka uygunlu\u011fudur. <\/span>Nakil karar\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla devletin yetki alan\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirmesi, i\u015flemin yaln\u0131zca h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bireysel tercihine b\u0131rak\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Devletlerin ceza adaletine ili\u015fkin me\u015fru \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn temel haklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda adil bir denge kurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM II – HUKUK\u0130 KAYNAKLAR ve UYGULANACAK HUKUK<\/span><\/h3>\n

4. T\u00fcrk Hukukunda H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Naklinin Yasal Dayanaklar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin temel yasal d\u00fczenlemesi, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza\u00ee Konularda Uluslararas\u0131 Adl\u00ee \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Kanunu<\/a>‘dur. <\/span>Kanun’un 30. maddesi yabanc\u0131 devletten T\u00fcrkiye’ye h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve karar usul\u00fcn\u00fc; 31. maddesi T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131; 32. maddesi T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete nakli; 33. maddesi ise yabanc\u0131 devlette infaz\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>Kanun’un genel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de \u00f6nemlidir. Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkez\u00ee makam olarak g\u00f6rev yapmakta; uluslararas\u0131 adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fi taleplerinin uygunlu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmekte ve yabanc\u0131 devletlerle ileti\u015fimi y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’ye naklinden sonra cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile ilgili di\u011fer infaz h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. Mahsup konusunda T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 63. maddesi, infaz i\u015flemlerinin denetimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise ilgili infaz hukuku d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00f6nem kazanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‘dan \u00f6nce h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin uygulamada 3002 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Yabanc\u0131 \u00dclke Mahkemelerinden ve Yabanc\u0131lar Hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Mahkemelerinden Verilen Ceza Mahk\u00fbmiyetlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131na Dair Kanun \u00f6nemli yer tutmaktayd\u0131. Eski mevzuat d\u00f6neminde verilen kararlar, g\u00fcncel d\u00fczenlemenin yorumlanmas\u0131nda tarihsel bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunar. <\/span>Bununla birlikte eski Kanun d\u00f6nemindeki uyarlama veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‘un h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011frudan ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu kabul edilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 20 Kas\u0131m 2024 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 185 say\u0131l\u0131 Genelgesi<\/a> de adl\u00ee mercilerin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli i\u015flemlerinde dikkate alaca\u011f\u0131 idari uygulama \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Genelgeler, kanun ve uygulanabilir uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7mez; bu normlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda idari koordinasyon ve usul bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin Nakline Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve Ek Protokolleri<\/span><\/h3>\n

21 Mart 1983 tarihli H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin Nakline Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/strong><\/a> (ETS No.112), h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli alan\u0131ndaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerden biridir. <\/span>S\u00f6zle\u015fme, mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmesi, ilgili devletlerin anla\u015fmas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilirlik, kural olarak belirli bir bakiye cezan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve r\u0131za gibi ko\u015fullar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, nakilden sonra infaz devletinin izleyece\u011fi y\u00f6ntemleri birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nfaz\u0131n devam\u0131<\/strong>, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletince verilen cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi ve s\u00fcresi esas al\u0131narak infaz\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 10. maddesine g\u00f6re infaz devleti, kural olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin belirledi\u011fi cezan\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve s\u00fcresiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte cezan\u0131n niteli\u011finin veya s\u00fcresinin infaz devleti hukukuyla ba\u011fda\u015fmamas\u0131 yahut i\u00e7 hukukun bunu gerektirmesi durumunda, ayn\u0131 madde belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uyarlanabilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ramaz ve infaz devletinin ilgili su\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015famaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cezan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/strong> ise S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 11. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet, infaz devletinin hukukunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme i\u015flemi de h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza\u00ee durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ramaz; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131larak ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcrelerin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemlerini tan\u0131mas\u0131, taraf devletlerin her somut olayda bu y\u00f6ntemlerden herhangi birini s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Devletlerin beyanlar\u0131, uygulanabilir antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve i\u00e7 hukuklar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ek protokoller, \u00f6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinden ka\u00e7an veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme tedbirine tabi bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel nakil rejimleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmektedir. Bu rejimlerde r\u0131za \u015fart\u0131na ili\u015fkin istisnalar bulunabilmekle birlikte, bunlar\u0131n uygulanabilmesi ilgili protokol\u00fcn devletler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmas\u0131na ve varsa \u00e7ekince veya beyanlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Bu nedenle r\u0131zan\u0131n her durumda vazge\u00e7ilmez oldu\u011fu veya hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda aranmayabilece\u011fi \u015feklindeki mutlak de\u011ferlendirmelerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u0130kili Adl\u00ee \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Antla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Normlar\u0131n Birlikte Uygulanmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli alan\u0131ndaki uluslararas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri yaln\u0131zca Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130lgili devletle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan ikili adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fi antla\u015fmalar\u0131 da naklin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye – \u0130ran ve T\u00fcrkiye – Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131ndaki hukuki i\u015f birli\u011fi uygulamalar\u0131, farkl\u0131 antla\u015fma d\u00fczenlemelerinin ve infaz sistemlerinin \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span>\u0130kili antla\u015fmalar, cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131, yetkili makamlar, belgeler, r\u0131za, uyarlama veya infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 gibi konularda \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7erebilir. Bu nedenle bir h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn nakli de\u011ferlendirilirken \u00f6nce ilgili devletler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan antla\u015fma tespit edilmeli; ard\u0131ndan 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ve di\u011fer ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle ili\u015fkisi incelenmelidir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‘un 1. maddesinde T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fine ili\u015fkin milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131, antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar. Ancak bu durum, her antla\u015fma h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fulsuz \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde genellenemez. Somut norm \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 90. maddesi ve ilgili d\u00fczenlemelerin niteli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>Uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma bulunmayan durumlarda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi \u00f6nem kazanabilir. Bununla birlikte kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, kanunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n kendili\u011finden ortadan kalkmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM III – YABANCI DEVLETTEN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’YE H\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dc NAKL\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

7. T\u00fcrkiye’ye Naklin Maddi \u015eartlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‘un 30. maddesi, yabanc\u0131 devlet mahkemesince mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f ve ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilebilmesi i\u00e7in birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gereken ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirlemektedir.\u00a0<\/span>\u0130lk ko\u015ful, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya T\u00fcrkiye ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun’un vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa alternatif olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131 kabul etmesi, kurumun yaln\u0131zca mill\u00ee aidiyete de\u011fil, sosyal rehabilitasyon amac\u0131na da dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0 <\/span>\u0130kinci ko\u015ful, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin nakle r\u0131za g\u00f6stermesidir. Uygulanabilir uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalardaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmek kayd\u0131yla, r\u0131za T\u00fcrkiye’ye naklin temel \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/span>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ko\u015ful, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmemi\u015f bir h\u00fckme dayan\u0131larak nakil yap\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131na ili\u015fkin niteli\u011fiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. <\/span>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ko\u015ful, mahk\u00fbmiyete konu fiilin T\u00fcrk hukukuna g\u00f6re su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesidir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilirlik de\u011ferlendirmesinde, yabanc\u0131 devletin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7 ad\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk hukukundaki su\u00e7 ad\u0131yla birebir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir. Esas olan, mahk\u00fbmiyete konu fiilin T\u00fcrk hukukunda da cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilir olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Be\u015finci ko\u015ful, merkez\u00ee makamlarca aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, talep tarihinde en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k infaz edilmesi gereken hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun, bu s\u00fcre ko\u015fulunun merkez\u00ee makamlarca farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bu \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 naklin otomatik olarak kabul edilmesi sonucunu do\u011furmaz. Nakil, ayr\u0131ca kanuni de\u011ferlendirme ve karar s\u00fcrecine tabidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Nakil Talebinde Bulunabilecek Ki\u015filer ve Ba\u015fvuru Usul\u00fc<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakil s\u00fcreci, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn, kanuni temsilcisinin veya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n talebiyle ba\u015flat\u0131labilir. <\/span>Kanun’un yak\u0131nlara da ba\u015fvuru imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 bir ceza infaz kurumunda bulunmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan fiil\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte yak\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvuru yapabilmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin gerekli r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n aranmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaz. <\/span>Ba\u015fvurunun ard\u0131ndan merkez\u00ee makam olan Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilgili yabanc\u0131 devlet makamlar\u0131yla gerekli yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Naklin \u015fartlar\u0131, belgelerin yeterlili\u011fi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuki durumu ve i\u015flemin ceza adaletinin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilir. <\/span>Ba\u015fvurunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ve mahk\u00fbmiyet bilgilerine yer verilmesi yeterli olmayabilir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye ile sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131, aile ili\u015fkileri, yerle\u015fim durumu, sa\u011fl\u0131k ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve tahliye sonras\u0131 rehabilitasyon imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 da somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Ba\u015fvurunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131, nakil talebinin kabul edilece\u011fi veya belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hukuki g\u00fcvence olu\u015fturmaz. S\u00fcre\u00e7, iki devletin makamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bilgi ve belge al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini gerektirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Nakil Dosyas\u0131nda Bulunmas\u0131 Gereken Belgeler<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30\/2. maddesi, T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakil talebinde yabanc\u0131 devlet makamlar\u0131ndan istenecek ba\u015fl\u0131ca belgeleri d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>Bunlar mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n onayl\u0131 sureti, h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan kanun maddelerinin metni, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin r\u0131za belgesi ve infaz\u0131 gereken cezay\u0131 g\u00f6steren belgedir. <\/span>Gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sa\u011fl\u0131k raporlar\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisine ili\u015fkin tavsiyeler ve belgelerin terc\u00fcmeleri de talep edilir. <\/span>Uygulamada belgelerin yaln\u0131zca \u015feklen mevcut olmas\u0131 yeterli de\u011fildir. Mahk\u00fbmiyetin hangi fiillere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kesinle\u015fme durumu, infaz edilmi\u015f s\u00fcre, bakiye ceza ve birden fazla mahk\u00fbmiyet bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle birden fazla hapis cezas\u0131 bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, cezalar\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k m\u0131 infaz edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bilgi, T\u00fcrkiye’de haz\u0131rlanacak m\u00fcddetnamenin do\u011frulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>Belgelerdeki \u00e7eli\u015fkiler veya eksiklikler, nakil i\u015fleminin sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlanma s\u00fcresini etkileyebilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Nakil Talebinin \u0130ncelenmesi, Ret Sebepleri ve Karar Yetkisi<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30\/3. maddesi, merkez\u00ee makam\u0131n belirli durumlarda nakil talebini reddedebilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/span>Nakil ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, naklin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal rehabilitasyonuna katk\u0131 sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, ceza adaletinin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet etmemesi veya T\u00fcrkiye’nin mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fmemesi ret de\u011ferlendirmesinde dikkate al\u0131nabilecek sebeplerdir. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenleme, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin yaln\u0131zca \u015fekli ko\u015fullardan ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Kanun, devletin naklin amac\u0131na ve kamu yarar\u0131na ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirme yapmas\u0131na da olanak tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bununla birlikte takdir yetkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kararlar\u0131n hukuki gerek\u00e7eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u00d6zellikle sosyal rehabilitasyona ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerde somut olgulara dayan\u0131lmas\u0131, benzer durumlar\u0131n tutarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve temel haklar\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gerekir. <\/span>Kanun’un 30\/4. maddesine g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin nakline Adalet Bakan\u0131<\/strong> karar verir. Bu karar yetkisi, merkez\u00ee makam\u0131n ba\u015fvuruyu inceleme ve uygunluk de\u011ferlendirmesi yapma i\u015flevinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Naklin \u015fartlar\u0131 ve devletler aras\u0131 kabul tamamlanmadan, yaln\u0131zca ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na dayan\u0131larak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirilmesi talep edilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Nakil \u00d6ncesi \u0130nfaz S\u00fcresinin Bildirilmesi ve Taraflar\u0131n Kabul\u00fc<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’ye h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvencelerden biri, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’de ceza infaz kurumunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrenin nakilden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 31\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn nakline karar verilmesi \u00fczerine ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ve yabanc\u0131 makamlara bildirilir. Yabanc\u0131 devlet ile h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn nakli kabul etmesinin ard\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirilir. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenleme, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn naklin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bilerek karar vermesini ve h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin T\u00fcrkiye’deki infaz ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesinin 15.05.2026 tarihli, E.2025\/1204, K.2026\/3998 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/strong>, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn uygulamadaki \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130ngiltere’de \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilen ve T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, T\u00fcrkiye’de d\u00fczenlenen m\u00fcddetnameye y\u00f6nelik itiraz incelenmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, nakilden \u00f6nce haz\u0131rlanan m\u00fcddetnamenin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ve \u0130ngiltere makamlar\u0131na bildirilip bildirilmedi\u011finin ve belirtilen infaz s\u00fcresinin her iki taraf\u00e7a kabul edilip edilmedi\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Karar, nakil \u00f6ncesi bildirim ve kabul belgelerinin infaz\u0131n hukuka uygunlu\u011funun denetlenmesinde belirleyici olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span>Bununla birlikte Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n bu karar\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devlette verilen her \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de mutlaka belirli bir m\u00fcebbet hapis t\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde genel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak okunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bozman\u0131n temel gerek\u00e7esi, somut olayda bildirim ve kabul s\u00fcrecinin yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Nakil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, nakil dosyas\u0131yla birlikte Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na teslim edilir. Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, infaz\u0131na ba\u015flanan karara ili\u015fkin bilgileri Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Adli Sicil ve \u0130statistik Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bildirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM IV – T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DE CEZANIN \u0130NFAZI ve HUKUK\u0130 SORUNLAR<\/span><\/h3>\n

12. \u0130nfaz\u0131n Devam\u0131 \u0130lkesi ve T\u00fcrk \u0130nfaz Hukukunun Uygulanmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 31\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131nda verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 T\u00fcrk kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re infaz edilir. <\/span>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya T\u00fcrk mahkemelerince yeniden mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet, infaz\u0131n hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam eder. <\/span>\u0130nfaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ilkesi, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ile infaz devletinin kendi infaz hukukunu uygulamas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir denge kurar. <\/span>1983 tarihli Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 9 ve 10. maddeleri, infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 y\u00f6ntemini d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde infaz devleti, kural olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm devletince belirlenen yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi ve s\u00fcresiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Bununla birlikte infaz\u0131n devam\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devletin ceza infaz hukukunun b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de uygulanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u0130nfaz\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, uygulanabilir antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve T\u00fcrk infaz mevzuat\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. <\/span>Burada \u00f6nemli olan, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin mahk\u00fbmiyetine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ile infaz devletinin infaz rejimine ili\u015fkin yetkilerinin birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130nfaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ilkesi, hem cezan\u0131n keyf\u00ee bi\u00e7imde a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeli hem de nakil yoluyla mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131mamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

13. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Naklinde Uyarlama Karar\u0131 Verilip Verilemeyece\u011fi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli hukuki sorunlar\u0131ndan biri, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de ayr\u0131ca uyarlama karar\u0131 verilip verilemeyece\u011fidir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 26\/5. maddesinde infaz\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin uyarlama mekanizmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmakla birlikte, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin 30\u201333. maddelerde ayn\u0131 usul a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 10. Ceza Dairesinin 05.10.2023 tarihli, E.2023\/7824, K.2023\/8434 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/strong>, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli bir i\u00e7tihatt\u0131r. <\/span>Somut olayda \u0130ran’da mahk\u00fbm edilen ve T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrk hukukuna uyarlanmas\u0131 talep edilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay, infaz\u0131n devri ile h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin farkl\u0131 hukuki kurumlar oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015f ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli kapsam\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca uyarlama karar\u0131 verilmesini gerektiren bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>Daire, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin amac\u0131n\u0131n cezan\u0131n yeniden belirlenmesi veya hafifletilmesi de\u011fil, sosyal rehabilitasyonun desteklenmesi oldu\u011funu da belirtmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bu karar, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 26\/5. maddesindeki uyarlama usul\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline k\u0131yas yoluyla uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span>Ancak uluslararas\u0131 hukuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan konu daha geni\u015ftir. Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 10. maddesi, belirli ko\u015fullarda infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uyarlanmas\u0131na; 11. maddesi ise cezan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. <\/span>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk hukukundaki h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli rejiminin ayr\u0131ca uyarlama karar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmemesi ile uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin farkl\u0131 infaz y\u00f6ntemlerine izin vermesi birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Somut olayda uygulanabilir antla\u015fma ve devletlerin ilgili beyanlar\u0131 incelenmeden genel bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

14. Yabanc\u0131 Mahk\u00fbmiyetin Hukuki Niteli\u011fi ve Cezan\u0131n A\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Yabanc\u0131 bir mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, cezan\u0131n yabanc\u0131 hukuk sistemindeki niteli\u011fi ile T\u00fcrk hukukundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck yaratabilir. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 devletlerin ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme, asgari ceza infaz s\u00fcresi ve tahliye sistemleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. <\/span>T\u00fcrk hukukunda m\u00fcebbet hapis ve a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 hukuki ve infaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na sahiptir. Yabanc\u0131 hukukta \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir cezan\u0131n, yaln\u0131zca kullan\u0131lan terimden hareketle bu iki ceza t\u00fcr\u00fcnden birine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011finin kabul edilmesi yeterli de\u011fildir. <\/span>Cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin karar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ilkesi, uygulanabilir antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve T\u00fcrk hukukundaki infaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 10. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 uyarlama imk\u00e2n\u0131, cezan\u0131n niteli\u011fi veya s\u00fcresi itibar\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 g\u00fcvencesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesinin 15.05.2026 tarihli karar\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere’de verilen \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik itiraz g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6ncelikle nakil \u00f6ncesi m\u00fcddetname ve kabul belgelerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span>Bu nedenle karar\u0131n, yabanc\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk hukukundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn durumlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kesinle\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. <\/span>Hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn nakilden \u00f6nce hangi infaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

15. Birden Fazla Mahk\u00fbmiyetin \u0130nfaz\u0131 ve Cezalar\u0131n Birlikte De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 devlette birden fazla su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbm edilmesi, nakil sonras\u0131nda infaz edilecek toplam cezan\u0131n belirlenmesini karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. <\/span>Baz\u0131 hukuk sistemlerinde birden fazla hapis cezas\u0131 e\u015f zamanl\u0131 infaz edilebilirken, di\u011ferlerinde cezalar\u0131n ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k infaz\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k, toplam infaz s\u00fcresi \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etkilidir. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye\u2013KKTC uygulamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, bu sorunun \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 15. Ceza Dairesinin 19.04.2021 tarihli, E.2020\/12195, K.2021\/4462 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/strong>, KKTC Girne A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesince verilen mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrkiye’deki uyarlama i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu almaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Somut olayda sahte mail order formlar\u0131yla menfaat temin edilmesine ili\u015fkin eylemler, T\u00fcrk mahkemesince \u00f6zel belgede sahtecilik ve nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; birden fazla hapis ve adli para cezas\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Kanun yarar\u0131na bozma isteminde, eylemlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2linde TCK m.245 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi ve KKTC’deki infaz sistemine g\u00f6re en a\u011f\u0131r cezan\u0131n infaz edilmesiyle di\u011fer cezalar\u0131n da infaz edilmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc lehine sonu\u00e7 do\u011furdu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 15. Ceza Dairesi, ihbarnamedeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yerinde bularak itiraz\u0131n reddi karar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. <\/span>Bu karar\u0131n \u00f6nemi, nakle konu yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcm devletindeki ceza birle\u015ftirme veya birlikte infaz kurallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc aleyhine sonu\u00e7 do\u011furabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermesidir. <\/span>Ancak karar, her h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde ayr\u0131ca uyarlama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde yorumlanamaz. Somut dosyada uyarlama yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30\u201331. maddeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan genel bir uyarlama zorunlulu\u011fu olu\u015fturmaz. <\/span>Ayn\u0131 dosyada Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesinin 16.11.2020 tarihli, E.2018\/5129, K.2020\/2856 say\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131yla dosyay\u0131 15. Ceza Dairesine g\u00f6ndermi\u015f olmas\u0131 da kararlar\u0131n usul ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

16. M\u00fcddetname, Mahsup ve Ko\u015fullu Sal\u0131verilme<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin fiil\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen en \u00f6nemli belgelerden biri m\u00fcddetnamedir. <\/span>M\u00fcddetname, infaz\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, ceza infaz kurumunda ge\u00e7irilecek s\u00fcre, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme ve ilgili tahliye tarihlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, yabanc\u0131 devlette ge\u00e7irilen s\u00fcrelerin do\u011fru belirlenmesi ayr\u0131ca gereklidir. <\/span>Mahsup<\/strong>, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131larak ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve hukuken dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken s\u00fcrelerin cezas\u0131ndan indirilmesidir. T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 63. maddesi, h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce ki\u015fisel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlayan belirli s\u00fcrelerin mahsubuna ili\u015fkin temel d\u00fczenlemeyi i\u00e7ermektedir. <\/span>Bununla birlikte her yabanc\u0131 tutukluluk s\u00fcresinin ayn\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetten yeniden indirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. S\u00fcrenin hangi dosyaya ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu, daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fka bir cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ilgili hukuki \u015fartlar ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesinin 15.05.2026 tarihli karar\u0131nda, ba\u015fka bir mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131nda zaten dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan 310 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tutukluluk s\u00fcresinin yeniden mahsup edilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bu tespit, mahsup incelemesinde hem h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 hem de ayn\u0131 s\u00fcrenin m\u00fckerrer bi\u00e7imde hesaba kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span>Ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da infaz devletinin hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131 ilkesi \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin niteli\u011fi, nakil \u00f6ncesinde bildirilen infaz s\u00fcresi ve ilgili antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>Bel\u00e7ika’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ili\u015fkin uygulama \u00f6rne\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle eski mevzuat d\u00f6nemindeki uyarlama i\u015flemleri ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr tarihsel \u00f6rnekler, g\u00fcncel hukuki rejimle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmeden incelenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

17. \u0130nfaz \u0130\u015flemlerinin Yarg\u0131sal Denetimi ve Yetkili Merciler<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli sonucunda T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131, infaz i\u015flemlerinin yarg\u0131sal denetim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. <\/span>Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, infaz\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde ve ilgili belgelerin d\u00fczenlenmesinde g\u00f6rev yapar. M\u00fcddetnameye, mahsup hesab\u0131na veya di\u011fer infaz i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, konusuna g\u00f6re infaz h\u00e2kimli\u011fi ve ilgili yarg\u0131sal merciler \u00f6n\u00fcne getirilebilir. <\/span>Bununla birlikte infaz i\u015flemlerinin denetlenmesi ile yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden incelenmesi birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 31\/3. maddesi, mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin taleplerin h\u00fckm\u00fcn esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda karar veren devlet mahkemelerine y\u00f6neltilebilece\u011fini d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’deki infaz h\u00e2kimli\u011fi, s\u0131rf infaz i\u015flemini denetledi\u011fi i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 mahkemenin su\u00e7luluk tespitini yeniden de\u011ferlendirme yetkisi kazanmaz. <\/span>\u00d6te yandan infaz\u0131n s\u00fcresi, mahsup, m\u00fcddetname veya kanunen yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nan mercilerin alaca\u011f\u0131 kararlar, mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilmeksizin denetlenebilir. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesinin 2026 tarihli karar\u0131, bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n somut \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Daire, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden incelemek yerine, nakil \u00f6ncesinde infaz s\u00fcresinin bildirilip bildirilmedi\u011finin ve kabul\u00fcn belgelenip belgelenmedi\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bu nedenle h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde yarg\u0131sal denetimin temel i\u015flevi, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyeti yeniden kurmak de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen infaz\u0131n hukuki dayanaklara ve usul g\u00fcvencelerine uygunlu\u011funu sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM V – T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DEN YABANCI DEVLETE H\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dc NAKL\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

18. T\u00fcrkiye’den Naklin Maddi \u015eartlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 32. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrk mahkemelerince hakk\u0131nda kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilen ve ceza infaz kurumunda bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, belirli ko\u015fullar\u0131n birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde yabanc\u0131 devlete nakledilebilir. <\/span>H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn nakledilece\u011fi devletin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya bu devletle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin r\u0131zas\u0131, mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve mahk\u00fbmiyete konu fiilin naklin istendi\u011fi devlet hukukuna g\u00f6re su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi di\u011fer ko\u015fullard\u0131r. <\/span>Kural olarak talep tarihinde en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k infaz edilmesi gereken hapis cezas\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Merkez\u00ee makamlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye’den nakilde ayr\u0131ca, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’de soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bu son ko\u015ful, T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakle ili\u015fkin 30. maddede ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iki y\u00f6ndeki nakil \u015fartlar\u0131 birbirinin tamamen ayn\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. <\/span>Ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7tan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturman\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’den nakil talebinin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

19. Nakil Talebi, Belgeler ve Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n \u0130ncelemesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete nakil talebi h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, kanuni temsilcisi veya yak\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131labilir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 32\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, ilgili yabanc\u0131 devlet makamlar\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n onayl\u0131 sureti, h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan kanun maddeleri, r\u0131za belgesi ve infaz edilmesi gereken bakiye cezay\u0131 g\u00f6steren belge g\u00f6nderilir. <\/span>Gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sa\u011fl\u0131k raporlar\u0131, tedaviye ili\u015fkin tavsiyeler ve terc\u00fcmeler de dosyaya eklenir. <\/span>Nakil dosyas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn infaz durumu, ba\u015fka soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve yabanc\u0131 devletle sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>Merkez\u00ee makam, kanuni \u015fartlar\u0131 ve naklin amac\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek yabanc\u0131 devletle gerekli ileti\u015fimi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. <\/span>Naklin sosyal rehabilitasyona katk\u0131 sa\u011flamamas\u0131, ceza adaletinin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet etmemesi veya T\u00fcrkiye’nin mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmamas\u0131 gibi durumlarda talep reddedilebilir. <\/span>Bu de\u011ferlendirmede h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ki\u015fisel ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile devletin ceza adaletine ili\u015fkin me\u015fru \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 birlikte g\u00f6zetilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

20. Adl\u00ee Para Cezalar\u0131, Yarg\u0131lama Giderleri ve Naklin Mali \u015eartlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde, hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131 veya yarg\u0131lama giderleri bulunmas\u0131 \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 32\/4. maddesi, hapis cezas\u0131yla birlikte h\u00fckmedilen adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermektedir. <\/span>Adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmemesi durumunda, kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen usule g\u00f6re hapse \u00e7evrilmesi ve buna ili\u015fkin infaz s\u00fcresinin nakil dosyas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n her durumda nakilden \u00f6nce mutlaka nakden \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. <\/span>Adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131n hapse \u00e7evrilmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam infaz y\u00fck\u00fcne etkisi, ilgili infaz mevzuat\u0131 ve nakil belgeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenmelidir. <\/span>Yarg\u0131lama giderleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da kanuni \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011ferlendirilir. \u00d6deme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ili\u015fkin kanuni istisnalar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir. <\/span>Mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin do\u011fru belirlenmesi, hem naklin hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi hem de infaz devletine iletilecek bilgilerin do\u011frulu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gereklidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

21. \u0130nfaz Devletinin Bildirimi, H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn Kabul\u00fc ve Nakil Karar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den nakilde yaln\u0131zca h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 devlete gitmek istemesi yeterli de\u011fildir. <\/span>Naklin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi devletin, mahk\u00fbmiyetin kendi \u00fclkesinde nas\u0131l infaz edilece\u011fini ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza infaz kurumunda ge\u00e7irece\u011fi s\u00fcreyi bildirmesi gerekir. <\/span>Bu bilgiler, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn naklin hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, yabanc\u0131 devlette uygulanacak infaz rejimi hakk\u0131nda yeterince bilgilendirilmeden verdi\u011fi r\u0131zan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak de\u011ferlendiremeyebilir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 32. maddesi, infaz devletinden gelen bilgilerin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye bildirilmesini ve kabul s\u00fcrecinin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. <\/span>\u0130lgili devletin kabul\u00fc ve kanuni ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine nakle Adalet Bakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan karar verilir. <\/span>Nakil karar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’deki ceza infaz kurumundan yabanc\u0131 devlet makamlar\u0131na teslim edilmesiyle fiilen uygulan\u0131r. Teslim i\u015flemleri, yetkili kurumlar aras\u0131nda koordinasyonu gerektirir. <\/span>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6zellikle teslim tarihi, infaz edilmi\u015f s\u00fcre, bakiye ceza ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k durumuna ili\u015fkin bilgilerin do\u011fru aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

22. Yabanc\u0131 Devlette \u0130nfaz\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin Yetkileri<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131, ilgili devletin hukuku ve uygulanabilir uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 33. maddesi, yabanc\u0131 devlette ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen infaz\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>Merkez\u00ee makam, infaz s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler, infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 veya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn firar\u0131 gibi durumlar hakk\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 devletten bilgi isteyebilir. <\/span>Yabanc\u0131 devlette cezan\u0131n tamamen infaz edilmesi veya infaz kabiliyetinin sona ermesi, T\u00fcrk hukukunda da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. <\/span>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yabanc\u0131 devletin mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131 infaz etmemesi veya edememesi durumunda, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ko\u015fullarda T\u00fcrkiye’de infaza devam edilebilir. <\/span>Bu durumda daha \u00f6nce yabanc\u0131 devlette infaz edilmi\u015f s\u00fcrelerin do\u011fru belirlenmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 ceza bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuken gerekenden fazla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye’den nakil, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile b\u00fct\u00fcn hukuki ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kesildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u0130nfaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131, sona ermesi veya yeniden T\u00fcrkiye’de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan devletler aras\u0131ndaki bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi devam edebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM VI – H\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcN\u00dcN HAKLARI, ULUSLARARASI G\u00dcVENCELER ve \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HATLAR<\/span><\/h3>\n

23. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn R\u0131zas\u0131, Bilgilendirilmesi ve \u0130stisnai Nakil Rejimleri<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde r\u0131za, ki\u015finin cezas\u0131n\u0131n hangi devlette infaz edilece\u011fi konusunda iradesinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan temel g\u00fcvencelerden biridir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30 ve 32. maddeleri, kural olarak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Ancak hukuken ge\u00e7erli r\u0131zan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir belgeye imza at\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn naklin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, infaz s\u00fcresini, uygulanacak infaz rejimini ve \u00f6zellikle tahliye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 anlayabilmesi gerekir. <\/span>1983 tarihli Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 7. maddesi, r\u0131zan\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak ve hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bilinerek verilmesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve infaz devletine r\u0131zan\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu denetleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span>R\u0131zan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeye dayanmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle dil engelleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 veya hukuki temsil ihtiyac\u0131 bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha da \u00f6nemlidir. <\/span>Bununla birlikte baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 protokoller, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinden ka\u00e7ma veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme tedbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlarda r\u0131za aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n nakle imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yabilmektedir. <\/span>Bu istisnalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, ilgili protokol\u00fcn devletler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunmas\u0131na, uygulanabilir maddelerine ve varsa \u00e7ekincelere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her somut olayda yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7 hukuk h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil, ilgili devletler aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fma rejiminin de incelenmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

24. Naklin Anayasal ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Boyutu<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, ceza infaz hukukunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra anayasal haklar ve uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 g\u00fcvenceleriyle de ili\u015fkilidir. <\/span>Ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi hakk\u0131, cezan\u0131n hukuka uygun bi\u00e7imde infaz edilmesini gerektirir. Nakil sonras\u0131nda infaz s\u00fcresinin yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplanmas\u0131, mahsup edilmesi gereken s\u00fcrelerin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 veya cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011finin hatal\u0131 belirlenmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan sonu\u00e7 do\u011furabilir. <\/span>Aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131 da h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin sosyal rehabilitasyon amac\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ailesine yak\u0131n bir devlette cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekebilmesi, aile ili\u015fkilerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. <\/span>Ancak aile hayat\u0131na sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na her nakil talebinin kabul edilmesini gerektiren mutlak bir hak olarak yorumlanamaz. <\/span>T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yurda girme hakk\u0131 ile yabanc\u0131 devletteki hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz edilmesini istemesi aras\u0131nda da ayr\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Anayasal olarak yurda girme hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devlette kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz edilmesini sa\u011flayacak nakil i\u015fleminin b\u00fct\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. <\/span>Bu ayr\u0131m, nakil talebinin reddedilmesinin anayasal denetimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/span>Etkili ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 ve hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkeleri, nakil ve infaz i\u015flemlerinin hukuki dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lardan haberdar edilmesini ve kanunen denetlenebilir i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 uygun ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletilmesini gerektirir. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle nakil \u00f6ncesi infaz s\u00fcresinin bildirilmesi, bu g\u00fcvencelerin uygulamadaki somut g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

25. Af, Cezan\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fmesi ve Mahk\u00fbmiyetin Yeniden \u0130ncelenmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir devlete nakledilmesi, mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n sonradan de\u011fi\u015fmesi veya infaz kabiliyetinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ihtimalini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. <\/span>1983 tarihli Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 12. maddesi, taraf devletlerin kendi hukuklar\u0131na uygun olarak af veya cezan\u0131n hafifletilmesine ili\u015fkin i\u015flemler yapabilmesini d\u00fczenlemektedir. <\/span>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 13. maddesi ise mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden incelenmesi konusunda h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin yetkisini esas almaktad\u0131r. <\/span>T\u00fcrk hukukunda 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 31\/3. maddesi, mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin taleplerin h\u00fckm\u00fc veren devlet mahkemelerine y\u00f6neltilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. <\/span>Kanun’un 31\/4. maddesine g\u00f6re, infaz s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinde veya T\u00fcrkiye’de genel ya da \u00f6zel af kabul edilmesi yahut su\u00e7 veya cezay\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran veya hafifleten bir nedenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuki durumu hakk\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu yer a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesince karar verilir. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenleme, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yetkisi ile T\u00fcrkiye’deki infaz\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesini birbirinden ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6rne\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinde mahk\u00fbmiyetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya cezan\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu geli\u015fmenin T\u00fcrkiye’deki infaza etkisinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. <\/span>Benzer \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye’de kabul edilen bir af d\u00fczenlemesinin somut yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyete etkisi, uygulanabilir kanun ve antla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenmelidir. <\/span>Burada temel ilke, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuki durumunu etkileyen geli\u015fmelerin devletler aras\u0131nda zaman\u0131nda bildirilmesi ve infaz\u0131n ge\u00e7erli hukuki dayana\u011fa uygun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

26. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131, kurumun farkl\u0131 hukuki boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda incelenen d\u00f6rt karar\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi, \u00f6zellikle uyarlama, cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi, m\u00fcddetname ve infaz\u0131n denetlenmesi konular\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinci karar: Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi, 16.11.2020, E.2018\/5129, K.2020\/2856:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Bu karar, KKTC’den T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan uyarlama yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun yarar\u0131na bozma dosyas\u0131nda verilmi\u015ftir. Daire, inceleme g\u00f6revinin Yarg\u0131tay 15. Ceza Dairesine ait oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. <\/span>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla karar\u0131n \u00f6nemi, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hukuki ilke ortaya koymas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 dosyan\u0131n sonraki Yarg\u0131tay incelemesine ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci karar: Yarg\u0131tay (Kapat\u0131lan) 15. Ceza Dairesi, 19.04.2021, E.2020\/12195, K.2021\/4462:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>Bu karar, ayn\u0131 KKTC dosyas\u0131nda verilmi\u015ftir. Kanun yarar\u0131na bozma isteminde, su\u00e7un T\u00fcrk hukukundaki nitelendirilmesinin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve uyarlama sonucunda h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn aleyhine infaz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/span>Daire, ihbarnamedeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yerinde bularak itiraz\u0131n reddi karar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. <\/span>Karar, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcm devletindeki infaz sisteminin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bununla birlikte Dairenin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir esas gerek\u00e7esi kurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ihbarnamedeki de\u011ferlendirmeyi benimsedi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc karar: Yarg\u0131tay 10. Ceza Dairesi, 05.10.2023, E.2023\/7824, K.2023\/8434:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u0130ran’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ili\u015fkin bu kararda, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli ile infaz\u0131n devri aras\u0131ndaki fark a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakline ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ayr\u0131ca uyarlama karar\u0131 verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fini belirterek kanun yarar\u0131na bozma istemini reddetmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Bu karar\u0131n temel katk\u0131s\u0131, infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ilkesini ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin yeniden belirlenmesi y\u00f6ntemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc karar: Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi, 15.05.2026, E.2025\/1204, K.2026\/3998:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u0130ngiltere’den T\u00fcrkiye’ye nakledilen h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ili\u015fkin kararda, nakil \u00f6ncesi m\u00fcddetnamenin h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ve h\u00fck\u00fcm devletine bildirilmesi ile her iki taraf\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Yarg\u0131tay, eksik incelemeyle verilen karar\u0131 kanun yarar\u0131na bozmu\u015ftur. Mahsup talebine ili\u015fkin olarak ise ba\u015fka mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131nda zaten dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrenin yeniden mahsup edilmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>Bu karar, nakil i\u015fleminin tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n infaz s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin hukuki denetimi gereksiz k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kararlar\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>2021 ve 2023 tarihli kararlar aras\u0131nda ilk bak\u0131\u015fta bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Birincisinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan uyarlama yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 denetlenmi\u015f; ikincisinde h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinde ayr\u0131ca uyarlama karar\u0131 verilmemesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Ancak kararlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 devletlerle yap\u0131lan nakillere, farkl\u0131 antla\u015fmalara ve farkl\u0131 usul ge\u00e7mi\u015flerine ili\u015fkin olmas\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011frudan i\u00e7tihat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bulundu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lmas\u0131 isabetli de\u011fildir. <\/span>2026 tarihli karar ise farkl\u0131 bir soruna odaklanmaktad\u0131r: Nakil \u00f6ncesi infaz s\u00fcresinin bildirilmesi ve kabul\u00fcn belgelendirilmesi. <\/span>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 esas karar birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fu yakla\u015f\u0131m ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r: <\/span>Yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin esas\u0131 yeniden belirlenmemeli; infaz\u0131n devam\u0131 ilkesi korunmal\u0131; ancak T\u00fcrkiye’deki infaz i\u015flemleri, s\u00fcre hesaplamalar\u0131 ve nakil \u00f6ncesi usul g\u00fcvenceleri hukuki denetime a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin yarg\u0131 yetkisine sayg\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda dengeli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM VII – UYGULAMA, DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME ve SONU\u00c7<\/span><\/h3>\n

27. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc Naklinde Uygulama Sorunlar\u0131 ve Kontrol Listesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, yaln\u0131zca ba\u015fvuru \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine de\u011fil, nakil \u00f6ncesinde ve sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek infaz sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesine de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Uygulamada \u00f6ncelikle ilgili devletler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 veya ikili antla\u015fma tespit edilmelidir. Antla\u015fman\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi, taraf devletlerin beyanlar\u0131 ve varsa \u00e7ekinceleri incelenmelidir. <\/span>Ard\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131, mahk\u00fbmiyetin kesinle\u015fme durumu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilirlik, bakiye hapis cezas\u0131 ve r\u0131za \u015fart\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete nakilde, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir su\u00e7tan soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Mahk\u00fbmiyet belgeleri incelenirken \u00f6zellikle birden fazla cezan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, cezalar\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 veya ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k infaz\u0131, daha \u00f6nce mahsup edilen s\u00fcreler ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirlenmelidir. <\/span>Nakil \u00f6ncesinde h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn infaz devletinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131; ceza infaz kurumunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre ilgili taraflara bildirilmeli ve kabul belgeleri dosyada muhafaza edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in kontrol listesi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130lgili devletler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan antla\u015fma ve uygulanabilir h\u00fck\u00fcmler belirlendi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn vatanda\u015fl\u0131k veya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011f ko\u015fulu kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor mu?<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mahk\u00fbmiyet kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mi ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ceza infaz kurumunda bulunuyor mu?<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Fiil, infaz devletinin hukukuna g\u00f6re de su\u00e7 te\u015fkil ediyor mu?<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Bakiye ceza s\u00fcresi ve varsa alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreye ili\u015fkin istisna de\u011ferlendirildi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kanuni temsilcisinin r\u0131zas\u0131 hukuken ge\u00e7erli bi\u00e7imde al\u0131nd\u0131 m\u0131?<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131, uygulanan kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve infaz belgeleri eksiksiz mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Birden fazla mahk\u00fbmiyet varsa bunlar\u0131n birlikte infaz\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallar a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131?<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Mahsup edilmi\u015f s\u00fcreler ve daha \u00f6nce infaz edilen cezalar do\u011fruland\u0131 m\u0131?<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Nakil \u00f6ncesi infaz s\u00fcresi h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcye ve ilgili devlete bildirildi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Bildirilen s\u00fcrenin kabul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin belgeler dosyada bulunuyor mu?<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. T\u00fcrkiye’den nakilde ba\u015fka su\u00e7tan soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma ko\u015fulu incelendi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Adl\u00ee para cezalar\u0131 ve yarg\u0131lama giderleri kanuna uygun bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirildi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Nakil sonras\u0131nda m\u00fcddetname ve infaz i\u015flemleri ilgili mevzuata g\u00f6re denetlendi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Af, cezan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, firar veya infaz\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 gibi geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7in devletler aras\u0131 bildirim d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturuldu mu?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu kontrol listesi, her dosyan\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re tamamlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezalar\u0131, birden fazla mahk\u00fbmiyet ve farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme sistemleri i\u00e7eren dosyalarda nakil \u00f6ncesi infaz de\u011ferlendirmesi daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    28. Genel De\u011ferlendirme ve Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n

    H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, uluslararas\u0131 ceza adaletinin yaln\u0131zca devletlerin cezaland\u0131rma yetkisine de\u011fil, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal rehabilitasyonuna da \u00f6nem veren bir i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk hukukunda 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 30\u201333. maddeleri, T\u00fcrkiye’ye ve T\u00fcrkiye’den h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin temel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve infaz\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler, uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ve ikili antla\u015fmalarla birlikte uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc naklinin amac\u0131, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi veya cezan\u0131n kendili\u011finden hafifletilmesi de\u011fildir. Kurum, mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha uygun olabilecek bir devlette s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bununla birlikte nakil i\u015fleminin hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, farkl\u0131 devletlerin ceza ve infaz sistemleri nedeniyle karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le gelebilmektedir. Yabanc\u0131 cezan\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi, birden fazla mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme, mahsup ve m\u00fcddetname konular\u0131 bu sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7 temel noktaya i\u015faret etmektedir. <\/span>\u0130lk olarak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli ile infaz\u0131n devri birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131; bir kurum i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen uyarlama usul\u00fc di\u011ferine kendili\u011finden uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130kinci olarak yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuki durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek hesaplama ve nitelendirme sorunlar\u0131 dikkatle incelenmelidir.\u00a0<\/span>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak nakil \u00f6ncesinde infaz s\u00fcresinin bildirilmesi ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ile h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn belgelenmesi, yaln\u0131zca idari bir formalite olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemelidir. <\/span>Bu g\u00fcvenceler, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli alan\u0131nda etkili bir uygulama, merkez\u00ee makam\u0131n koordinasyonu, adl\u00ee mercilerin do\u011fru infaz hesaplamalar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yeterli bi\u00e7imde bilgilendirilmesi ve devletler aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenli bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi sayesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, h\u00fck\u00fcm devletinin kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetine sayg\u0131, infaz devletinin hukuki yetkileri ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn temel haklar\u0131<\/strong> aras\u0131nda denge kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren \u00e7ok boyutlu bir uluslararas\u0131 adl\u00ee i\u015f birli\u011fi kurumudur. Bu dengenin korunmas\u0131, hem ceza adaletinin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet edecek hem de h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal rehabilitasyonunu destekleyecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    …<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a9 2026\u00a0Prof. Dr. Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/a> – T\u00fcm haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makale, say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan www.bicakhukuk.com<\/a> sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Referans: B\u0131\u00e7ak, Vahit (2026) \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Nakli: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u015eartlar\u0131, Usul\u00fc ve \u0130nfaz\u0131n Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d, https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/hukumlulerin-ulkeler-arasi-nakli\/<\/a>,\u00a0Prgf . __., Eri\u015fim Tarihi: \u2026,<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Giri\u015f Ceza adaletinin uluslararas\u0131 boyut kazanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131nda da devletler aras\u0131nda i\u015f birli\u011fini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir ki\u015finin yabanc\u0131 bir devlette mahk\u00fbm edilmesi ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 kendi vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu devlette \u00e7ekmek istemesi, farkl\u0131 hukuk sistemlerinin ayn\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet \u00fczerindeki yetkilerinin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakli, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir 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\u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Nakli | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 nakli 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun nakil \u015fartlar\u0131 infaz usul\u00fc hukuki g\u00fcvence Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu mahkum\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/hukumlulerin-ulkeler-arasi-nakli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Nakli %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Giri\u015f Ceza adaletinin uluslararas\u0131 boyut kazanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, 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