{"id":29514,"date":"2025-10-18T23:58:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T20:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=29514"},"modified":"2025-10-19T00:15:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T21:15:14","slug":"turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye – ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD ili\u015fkileri, diplomasi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcndemi kadar, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez ondan da belirleyici bi\u00e7imde hukuk metinleri ve uyum rejimleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7er\u00e7eveleniyor. Silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, teknoloji transferi, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve ihracat kontrolleri; Kongre\u2019nin yasama ve denetim yetkileri ile y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin lisans\/izin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin kesi\u015fti\u011fi bir hat \u00fczerinde i\u015fliyor. Bu yaz\u0131, Congressional Research Service\u2019in R44000<\/a> raporundaki g\u00fcncel foto\u011fraf\u0131 esas alarak, ili\u015fkilerin pratikte nas\u0131l \u201chukuka terc\u00fcme\u201d edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor: F-35\/S-400 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn normatif s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, F-16 tedarik ve modernizasyonunun ko\u015fullar\u0131, OFAC\u2013CAATSA\u2013ITAR gibi rejimlerin T\u00fcrk kamu kurumlar\u0131 ve \u015firketleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011furdu\u011fu uyum y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve b\u00f6lgesel dosyalar\u0131n (Suriye, \u0130srail\u2013Filistin, Rusya\u2013Ukrayna) ticaret ve finans hukukuna yans\u0131malar\u0131 somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama\u00e7, politika tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131ya bo\u011fmadan, \u201changi i\u015flem hangi lisansa, hangi s\u00f6zle\u015fme maddesine ve hangi denetime tabi?\u201d sorular\u0131na uygulanabilir cevaplar vermek.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTurkey (T\u00fcrkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve R44000 numaral\u0131 rapor<\/a>, ABD Kongresi\u2019nin yasama birimi i\u00e7indeki Library of Congress\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131, partiler-\u00fcst\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumu Congressional Research Service<\/a> (CRS) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla g\u00fcncellenir; en son 15 Eyl\u00fcl 2025 tarihinde g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir. CRS, yaln\u0131zca Kongre\u2019nin talebi ve y\u00f6nergesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; \u00fcr\u00fcnleri Kongre \u00fcyeleri ve komitelerine objektif, dengeli ve tavsiye i\u00e7ermeyen bilgi\/analiz sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Congress.gov\u2019daki \u201cCRS Products<\/a>\u201d ve \u201cAbout CRS<\/a>\u201d sayfalar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu raporlar kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131k anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rl\u0131k sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir; metodolojik olarak a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak veriler, resm\u00ee belgeler ve \u00f6nceki CRS \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n senteziyle haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve Kongre\u2019nin denetim ile yasama se\u00e7eneklerini \u00e7er\u00e7eveleyen bir arka plan metni i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. R44000 sayfas\u0131<\/a> raporun g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131mlarken, CRS\u2019ye ili\u015fkin kurumsal a\u00e7\u0131klamalar raporlar\u0131n tarafs\u0131z ve kurum-i\u00e7i gizlilik ilkelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00fcretildi\u011fini belirtir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kongre\u2019nin rol\u00fc ve hukuk\u00ee \u00e7er\u00e7eve<\/span><\/h3>\n

ABD\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ilgilendiren savunma tedariki ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonucu, yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin takdirinden ibaret de\u011fil. Kongre, \u00fc\u00e7 kanalla oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirliyor. <\/span><\/p>\n

Birinci kanal, AECA<\/a> ve ITAR<\/a> \u00fczerinden i\u015fleyen silah sat\u0131\u015f ve transfer rejimi. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sat\u0131\u015flarda y\u00f6netim Kongre\u2019ye bildirim yapmak zorunda; Kongre belirli s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde itiraz edebilir, ko\u015ful talep edebilir ya da siyasi sinyal niteli\u011finde kay\u0131tlar d\u00fc\u015febilir. ITAR<\/a> lisanslar\u0131 ise sahaya daha da yakla\u015f\u0131yor: son kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve u\u00e7 kullan\u0131m taahh\u00fctleri, co\u011frafi k\u0131s\u0131tlar, yeniden ihrac yasaklar\u0131 ve son kullan\u0131c\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine kadar inen ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci kanal, CAATSA<\/a> d\u00e2hil yapt\u0131r\u0131m mevzuat\u0131. Belirli savunma tedarikleri yasayla zorunlu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f durumda; OFAC<\/a> listeleri ve ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riski bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinde KYC, UBO ve i\u015flem taramas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, finansal arac\u0131lar i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f inceleme gerektiriyor. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kanal, her y\u0131l m\u00fczakere edilen savunma yetkilendirme yasalar\u0131 ve Kongre kararlar\u0131. Bu metinler kimi zaman ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle, kimi zaman da ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan y\u00f6nlendirmelerle lisans\u2013izin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin temposunu ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 fiilen etkiliyor. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00fc\u00e7 kanal birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD hatt\u0131ndaki her tedarik, g\u00fcncelleme ve \u00f6deme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 s\u0131nama sorular\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131yor: kimle i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131yor, hangi kalem nereye gidiyor, hangi lisans\u0131n ve hangi s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsam\u0131nda ilerliyor?<\/span><\/p>\n

F-35 \/ S-400 Kesi\u015fimi: Normatif Kilit ve Pratik Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h3>\n

S-400 hava savunma sisteminin tedariki, ABD i\u00e7 hukukunda do\u011frudan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan bir e\u015fi\u011fe i\u015faret eder. CAATSA<\/a> kapsam\u0131ndaki yapt\u0131r\u0131m h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve F-35 program\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen mevzuat birlikte okundu\u011funda, T\u00fcrkiye S-400\u2019e sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece F-35 platformu ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 teknik veriler i\u00e7in transfer, bak\u0131m, yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemesi ve hassas bile\u015fen devrinin hukuken bloke oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bu engel, \u201cu\u00e7ak teslimi yap\u0131lamaz\u201d d\u00fczeyinde basit bir k\u0131s\u0131t de\u011fildir; yaz\u0131l\u0131m kodlar\u0131, g\u00f6rev\/veri kay\u0131t cihazlar\u0131, lojistik destek paketleri, e\u011fitim i\u00e7erikleri ve sim\u00fclat\u00f6r entegrasyonlar\u0131 d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc etkiler. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki, diplomatik gerek\u00e7elerle esneklik arasa bile, Kongre kaynakl\u0131 normlar y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin takdir alan\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve lisans safhas\u0131nda kilit de\u011fi\u015fmez: S-400 dosyas\u0131nda hukuki bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilmedik\u00e7e F-35 hatt\u0131nda ilerleme m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz. Uygulamada bu, tedarik zincirindeki her akt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 (BOM) ve men\u015fe\/s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel tutmas\u0131n\u0131, \u201cF-35 ile temas edebilecek en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt bile\u015fen dahi lisans \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r\u201d varsay\u0131m\u0131yla hareket etmesini gerektirir. Aksi h\u00e2lde, masrafl\u0131 sipari\u015fler son a\u015famada reddedilebilir, sigorta\/finansman kanallar\u0131 kapanabilir ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde a\u011f\u0131r fesih\/cezai \u015fart riski do\u011far.<\/span><\/p>\n

F-16 Tedariki ve Ko\u015fulland\u0131rma: Lisans, S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve Denetim \u00dc\u00e7geni<\/span><\/h3>\n

F-16 tedariki ve modernizasyonu, F-35\u2019e k\u0131yasla daha esnek bir aland\u0131r; ancak esneklik \u201cko\u015fulsuzluk\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmez. AECA uyar\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sat\u0131\u015flarda Kongre\u2019ye bildirim zorunlulu\u011fu s\u00fcrer; Kongre\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k bir blokaj karar\u0131 olmasa bile, s\u00fcre\u00e7 bildirim s\u00fcreleri, yaz\u0131l\u0131 taahh\u00fctler ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme ekleri \u00fczerinden fiilen ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. ITAR lisanslar\u0131, son kullan\u0131c\u0131 (end-user) ve u\u00e7 kullan\u0131m (end-use) h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, co\u011frafi kullan\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeye yeniden transfer yasa\u011f\u0131 ve son kullan\u0131c\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131 gibi detaylar\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00e2le getirir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler yaln\u0131zca teslim an\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, bak\u0131m-onar\u0131m, yedek par\u00e7a ikmali, aviyonik y\u00fckseltmeler ve m\u00fchimmat entegrasyonlar\u0131 gibi \u201cteslimat sonras\u0131\u201d ad\u0131mlar\u0131 da kapsar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki al\u0131c\u0131 kurum ve \u015firketler i\u00e7in bu tablo, iki d\u00fczlemde pratik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fcretir. Birincisi, teknik: ABD men\u015feli komponent oran\u0131, aray\u00fcz yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, kripto\/komuta-kontrol unsurlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6rev planlama yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n lisans kapsam\u0131 netle\u015ftirilmeli; konfig\u00fcrasyon de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in \u00f6n onay ve kay\u0131t tutma disiplinine uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, y\u00f6neti\u015fim: end-use monitoring mekanizmalar\u0131 i\u015fletilmeli, kullan\u0131c\u0131 e\u011fitimleri ve eri\u015fim loglar\u0131 standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, co\u011frafi\/kullan\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edebilecek operasyon senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7 kontrol noktalar\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve sigorta boyutunda ise tedarik \u00f6demeleri ve akreditif d\u00fczenekleri, yapt\u0131r\u0131m taramas\u0131 ve UBO\/KYC s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ile uyumlu y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir. \u00c7o\u011fu gecikme ve ek ko\u015ful talebi, lisans ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 denetim katmanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan teredd\u00fctlerden do\u011far; bu nedenle proaktif bir \u201cuyum takvimi\u201d ve belge matrisi, tedariki h\u0131zland\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130srail\u2013Filistin Hatt\u0131 ve Ticari \/ Yapt\u0131r\u0131m Yans\u0131malar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Gazze sorunu sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye\u2013\u0130srail ili\u015fkilerindeki dalgalanma, ticaret ve finans hukukuna do\u011frudan yans\u0131yan bir dizi etkiler \u00fcretti. Mal ticaretinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya kademeli yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi kararlar, bankac\u0131l\u0131kta i\u015flem taramas\u0131 ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczeyinde cezai \u015fartlar\u0131n i\u015fletilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeni bir denge kurmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. ABD taraf\u0131nda ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele finansman\u0131 kurallar\u0131, ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riskleri ve ihracat kontrol beyanlar\u0131; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u015firketlerin m\u00fc\u015fteri ve tedarik\u00e7i taramalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131kta kritik olan, s\u00f6zle\u015fme dilinin netli\u011fidir: teslim\u2013\u00f6deme takvimleri, muhtemel k\u0131s\u0131tlama ve durdurma hallerinde devreye girecek uyarlama maddeleri, force majeure kapsam\u0131na giren yapt\u0131r\u0131m\/izin de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve fesih se\u00e7enekleri en ba\u015ftan yaz\u0131l\u0131p taraflarca kabul edilmelidir. Aksi h\u00e2lde, sahadaki ani karar de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri hukuk\u00ee ve finansal ihtilaflara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusya\u2013Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131: Dengeleme ve Uyum Riski<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir yandan Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 destekleyen ve NATO\u2019nun cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran ad\u0131mlar\u0131, di\u011fer yandan Rusya ile ekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131 koruyan dengeleme siyaseti; uyum mimarisini zorlayan bir tablo yarat\u0131yor. \u0130hracat kontrolleri, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ift kullan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve ileri teknoloji bile\u015fenler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131 denetleniyor. \u0130kincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riski, yaln\u0131zca do\u011frudan Rusya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 i\u015flemlerde de\u011fil, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden dolayl\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f tedarik \u015femalar\u0131nda da g\u00fcndeme gelebiliyor. Bu nedenle nihai kullan\u0131c\u0131 taramas\u0131, u\u00e7 kullan\u0131m beyan\u0131 ve yeniden ihrac\u0131n izlenmesi; sadece formalite olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p denetimde talep edilen somut ispat ara\u00e7lar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumda. Bankalar ve finansal arac\u0131lar, cari hesap hareketlerinden akreditiflere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede geli\u015fmi\u015f KYC\/AML s\u00fcre\u00e7leri uyguluyor; \u015firketler ise tedarik zincirinde men\u015fe ve g\u00fczerg\u00e2h do\u011frulamalar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyerek risklerini y\u00f6netebiliyor. Denge politikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi, teknik olarak bu kay\u0131t ve ispat d\u00fczeninin disiplinine ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alternatif Platformlar ve Mill\u00ee Projeler: Eurofighter ve TF-Kaan\u2019\u0131n Hukuk Dili<\/span><\/h3>\n

F-35 hatt\u0131n\u0131n kapanmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi alternatif platformlar ve mill\u00ee projelere y\u00f6neltti. Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a> se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile TF-Kaan program\u0131<\/a>, teknik de\u011ferlendirme kadar hukuk\u00ee bir okuma da gerektiriyor. Eurofighter taraf\u0131nda \u00e7oklu \u00fclke lisanslar\u0131, teknoloji transfer k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131 ve kritik alt sistemlerde ABD men\u015feli bile\u015fenlerin ITAR kapsam\u0131, pazarl\u0131k masas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirliyor. TF-Kaan<\/a>\u2019da ise motor ve aviyonik tedarik zincirindeki lisans rejimleri, ortak geli\u015ftirme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve entegre ekipmanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131; program takviminin hukuki boyutunu olu\u015fturuyor. Her iki hatta da ofset y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, fikr\u00ee m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 ve bak\u0131m\/yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncelleme lisanslar\u0131; salt m\u00fchendislik meselesi de\u011fil, projenin finansman\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da belirleyici. K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u201cplatform se\u00e7imi\u201d teknik bir karar oldu\u011fu kadar, lisans\u2013s\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2013ihracat kontrol \u00fc\u00e7geninde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir hukuk stratejisidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Kongre G\u00fcndemi: B\u00fct\u00e7e D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn Hukuk\u00ee Nabz\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn konsolidasyonu ve muhalefet alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler, Washington\u2019da Kongre metinlerinin diline dolayl\u0131 olarak yans\u0131yor. Y\u0131ll\u0131k savunma yetkilendirme yasalar\u0131 m\u00fczakere edilirken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik ek ko\u015ful \u00f6nerileri g\u00fcndeme gelebiliyor; nihai metinler bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7ermese bile, komite raporlar\u0131 ve oturum kay\u0131tlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye a\u00e7\u0131k sinyaller g\u00f6nderiyor. Bu sinyaller, pratikte lisans\u2013izin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin temposunu ve denetim derinli\u011fini etkiliyor. Ekonomideki fiyat istikrar\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f finansman ihtiyac\u0131 ise bankac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden uyum katman\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor: yabanc\u0131 finans\u00f6rlerin hukuk\u00ee g\u00fcvenlik beklentileri, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yapt\u0131r\u0131m ve ihracat kontrol h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini daha \u00f6n plana ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uygulamac\u0131lar i\u00e7in Uyum Mimarisi: Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc Savunmaya \u00c7evirmek<\/span><\/h3>\n

Uyumun \u00f6z\u00fc, prosed\u00fcr\u00fc savunmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilmektir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kurum ve \u015firketler i\u00e7in ilk ad\u0131m, ITAR kapsam\u0131 ile AECA bildirim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini do\u011fru okumakt\u0131r. Son kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve u\u00e7 kullan\u0131m taahh\u00fctleri s\u00f6zle\u015fme metinlerine a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lmal\u0131; co\u011frafi kullan\u0131m ve yeniden ihra\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 operasyon talimatlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. ABD men\u015feli par\u00e7a oran\u0131, bak\u0131m ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemeleri d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde izlenmeli; konfig\u00fcrasyon de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in \u00f6n onay mekanizmalar\u0131 kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yapt\u0131r\u0131m taraf\u0131nda OFAC, AB ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k listeleri d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla g\u00fcncellenmeli; m\u00fclkiyet ve kontrol testleri yaln\u0131zca tek i\u015flemde de\u011fil, m\u00fc\u015fteri ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131nda tekrarlanan bir politika h\u00e2line getirilmelidir. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k i\u015flemlerinde geli\u015fmi\u015f KYC ve AML kontrolleri; yapt\u0131r\u0131m hassasiyeti y\u00fcksek co\u011frafyalar i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f inceleme ve ikinci onay katmanlar\u0131yla desteklenmelidir. T\u00fcm teslimat, \u00f6deme, bak\u0131m ve servis kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli saklanmas\u0131, denetim ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k h\u00e2linde en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc savunma arac\u0131d\u0131r. Nihayet, F-16 s\u00fcrecinde ko\u015ful veya gecikme, F-35 k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi, Rusya<\/a>\/\u0130ran<\/a> yapt\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131k\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve Suriye hatt\u0131ndaki k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k gibi olas\u0131 senaryolar i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tarihlendirilmi\u015f ve sorumlu atamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kriz plan\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir plan, yaln\u0131zca operasyonu de\u011fil, hukuki riskleri de y\u00f6netir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7: Hukuk Metinlerini Operasyon Diline \u00c7evirmek<\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD hatt\u0131nda ili\u015fkilerin seyri, giderek daha fazla Kongre \u015fartlar\u0131, yapt\u0131r\u0131m rejimleri ve ihracat kontrolleri taraf\u0131ndan belirleniyor. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir uyum mimarisi; ITAR, AECA, CAATSA ve OFAC kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kurum i\u00e7i prosed\u00fcrlere \u00e7evirmeyi, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yazmay\u0131, kay\u0131t ve izlenebilirli\u011fi kurumsal bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi gerektiriyor. Bu noktada B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk, savunma tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin hukuki kurgulanmas\u0131 ve ITAR lisans ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme metinlerine do\u011fru yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, AECA bildirim ve onay s\u00fcrecinin takvime ba\u011flanmas\u0131, son kullan\u0131c\u0131 ve u\u00e7 kullan\u0131m taahh\u00fctlerinin denetlenebilir hale getirilmesi, ABD men\u015feli bile\u015fen oran\u0131 ve yeniden ihra\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tedarik zinciri dok\u00fcmantasyonuna i\u015flenmesi, OFAC\u2013CAATSA\u2013AB\/UK yapt\u0131r\u0131m taramas\u0131 ve UBO\/KYC politikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncellenmesi, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve sigorta i\u015flemlerinde y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f inceleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, y\u00fcksek riskli b\u00f6lgesel operasyonlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fme revizyonlar\u0131 ve fesih\/uyarlama maddelerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, i\u00e7 denetim ve kay\u0131t saklama rejiminin hukuken savunulabilir hale getirilmesi, y\u00f6neticiler ve operasyon ekipleri i\u00e7in hedefe d\u00f6n\u00fck uyum e\u011fitimlerinin verilmesi, F-16 tedarikinde ko\u015ful\/gecikme senaryolar\u0131 ve F-35 k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 gibi durumlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kriz planlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ileti\u015fim protokollerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarda u\u00e7tan uca destek sunar. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, \u201ckimle, neyi, nereye, hangi lisansla\u201d sorular\u0131na her i\u015flemde belgelendirilebilir yan\u0131tlar \u00fcreten, denetime ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 in\u015fa etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. B\u00f6yle kurulan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve, diplomatik dalgalanmalar s\u00fcrse de projelerinizi hukuken savunulabilir ve ticari olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD ili\u015fkileri, diplomasi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcndemi kadar, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez ondan da belirleyici bi\u00e7imde hukuk metinleri ve uyum rejimleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7er\u00e7eveleniyor. Silah sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, teknoloji transferi, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve ihracat kontrolleri; Kongre\u2019nin yasama ve denetim yetkileri ile y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin lisans\/izin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin kesi\u015fti\u011fi bir hat \u00fczerinde i\u015fliyor. Bu yaz\u0131, Congressional Research Service\u2019in R44000 raporundaki g\u00fcncel foto\u011fraf\u0131 esas alarak, ili\u015fkilerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":29515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[745,739],"tags":[18933,18934,17983,17727,17849,18931,18005,9032,8125,18913,18901,18908,18903,18904,18930,9774,18918,18915,11168,18204,18932,18923,17850,17982,18910,18928,18902,18929,18926,17734,18920,8144,18911,267,18919,18922,18905,17994,18906,18916,3855,18914,18921,18912,18024,18924,9287,18925,14840,17732,15212,18907,18917,18927,17852,10551,18909],"class_list":["post-29514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dis-ticaret-hukuku","category-gorusler-dusunceler","tag-abd-insan-haklari-raporu","tag-abd-kongre-arastirma-merkezi-turkiye-raporu","tag-aeca","tag-aml","tag-ankara-hukuk-burosu","tag-ankara-washington-iliskileri","tag-bankacilik-uyumu","tag-bicak-hukuk-burosu","tag-caatsa","tag-cift-kullanimli-urunler","tag-crs-r44000","tag-end-use","tag-f-16-tedariki","tag-f-35-programi","tag-f35-savas-ucagi","tag-hukuki-risk-analizi","tag-ic-denetim-ve-kayit-saklama","tag-ihracat-kontrol-avukati","tag-ihracat-kontrolleri","tag-ikincil-yaptirim-riski","tag-ileri-teknoloji-savas-jetleri","tag-israil-filistin-ticaret-etkileri","tag-istanbul-hukuk-burosu","tag-itar","tag-itar-lisansi","tag-kongre-arastirma-servisi","tag-kongre-sartlari","tag-kuresel-salincak-devlet","tag-kuresel-sarkac-devletler","tag-kyc","tag-nato-cercevesi","tag-ofac","tag-ofac-taramasi","tag-prof-dr-vahit-bicak","tag-risk-ve-kriz-planlama","tag-rusya-ukrayna-yaptirimlari","tag-s-400-etkisi","tag-savunma-sanayii-avukati","tag-savunma-tedariki-hukuku","tag-sirketler-hukuku-avukati","tag-sozlesme-avukati","tag-sozlesme-yonetimi","tag-suriye-dosyasi","tag-tedarik-zinciri-denetimi","tag-teknoloji-transferi","tag-turk-sirketleri-icin-uyum-rehberi","tag-turkiye-hukuk-burosu","tag-turkiye-sarkac-devlet","tag-turkiye-abd-iliskileri","tag-ubo","tag-uluslararasi-ticaret-avukati","tag-uyum-compliance","tag-uyum-danismanligi","tag-yaptirim","tag-yaptirim-avukati","tag-yaptirimlar","tag-yeniden-ihrac-retransfer"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD ili\u015fkileri, diplomasi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcndemi kadar, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez ondan da belirleyici bi\u00e7imde hukuk metinleri ve uyum rejimleri taraf\u0131ndan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bicakhukuk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1326\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@BicakHukuk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@BicakHukuk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ffbc31864ec806febdc7f57e5eae117\"},\"headline\":\"T\u00fcrkiye – ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\"},\"wordCount\":2562,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"ABD insan haklar\u0131 raporu\",\"ABD Kongre Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi T\u00fcrkiye Raporu\",\"AECA\",\"AML\",\"Ankara hukuk b\u00fcrosu\",\"Ankara-Washington ili\u015fkileri\",\"bankac\u0131l\u0131k uyumu\",\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"CAATSA\",\"\u00e7ift kullan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler\",\"CRS R44000\",\"end-use\",\"F-16 tedariki\",\"F-35 program\u0131\",\"F35 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131\",\"Hukuki risk analizi\",\"i\u00e7 denetim ve kay\u0131t saklama\",\"ihracat kontrol avukat\u0131\",\"\u0130hracat kontrolleri\",\"ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riski\",\"\u0130leri teknoloji sava\u015f jetleri\",\"\u0130srail\u2013Filistin ticaret etkileri\",\"\u0130stanbul hukuk b\u00fcrosu\",\"ITAR\",\"ITAR lisans\u0131\",\"Kongre Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Servisi\",\"Kongre \u015fartlar\u0131\",\"k\u00fcresel sal\u0131ncak devlet\",\"K\u00fcresel Sarka\u00e7 Devletler\",\"KYC\",\"NATO \u00e7er\u00e7evesi\",\"OFAC\",\"OFAC taramas\u0131\",\"prof. dr. vahit b\u0131\u00e7ak\",\"risk ve kriz planlama\",\"Rusya\u2013Ukrayna yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131\",\"S-400 etkisi\",\"savunma sanayii avukat\u0131\",\"savunma tedariki hukuku\",\"\u015firketler hukuku avukat\u0131\",\"s\u00f6zle\u015fme avukat\u0131\",\"s\u00f6zle\u015fme y\u00f6netimi\",\"Suriye dosyas\u0131\",\"tedarik zinciri denetimi\",\"teknoloji transferi\",\"T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri i\u00e7in uyum rehberi\",\"T\u00fcrkiye hukuk b\u00fcrosu\",\"T\u00fcrkiye Sarka\u00e7 Devlet\",\"T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ili\u015fkileri\",\"UBO\",\"uluslararas\u0131 ticaret avukat\u0131\",\"uyum (compliance)\",\"uyum dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\",\"yapt\u0131r\u0131m\",\"yapt\u0131r\u0131m avukat\u0131\",\"Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\",\"yeniden ihrac (retransfer)\"],\"articleSection\":[\"D\u0131\u015f Ticaret Hukuku\",\"G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \/ D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\",\"name\":\"T\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1326,\"caption\":\"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Homepage\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T\u00fcrkiye – ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk\",\"description\":\"T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk, Ankara Avukat, Ankara Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Organization\",\"Place\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk | T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk Firmas\u0131\",\"alternateName\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk, Ankara Avukat, Ankara Hukuk B\u00fcrosu\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bicakhukuk\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/BicakHukuk\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bicakhukuk\/\",\"https:\/\/tr.linkedin.com\/company\/b-ak-law-firm\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCodktEWFyJmIp3i1BH9aM2A\/\"],\"description\":\"K\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal \u015firketlere, kurulu\u015flara ve ki\u015filere uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131m\u0131zda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00f6nleyici hukuk dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ise arabuluculuk, arabuluculukta taraf vekilli\u011fi, mahkemelerde taraf vekilli\u011fi ve avukatl\u0131k, tahkim hakemli\u011fi, tahkimde taraf vekilli\u011fi, hukuki konularda m\u00fctalaa ve hukuki konularda e\u011fitim hizmetleri vermekteyiz. Uluslararas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal hukuka ili\u015fkin inceleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tecr\u00fcbeye dayal\u0131 hukuk hizmetlerimizi sunarken teknolojinin imkan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rsel (video konferans) veya i\u015fitsel (sesli konferans) ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin elverdi\u011fi t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131 kullanmaktay\u0131z. Dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131z veya m\u00fcvekkillerimiz, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, b\u00f6lgemizin veya \u00fclkemizin neresinde olurlarsa olsunlar hizmetlerimizden uzaktan eri\u015fim yoluyla yararlanabilmektedir. Muhtemel ihtilaflar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek veya en aza indirmek gayesiyle m\u00fcvekkillerimize sundu\u011fumuz dinamik, etkili ve \u00f6nleyici dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetlerimizin yan\u0131nda, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde arabuluculuk, tahkim veya mahkemelerde dava takibi hizmetleri de sunmaktay\u0131z. Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131, do\u011fru bilgiye h\u0131zl\u0131 eri\u015fimdir. M\u00fcvekkil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 tam ve eksiksiz tan\u0131mlayarak y\u00fcksek standartlarda, kaliteli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f bulunuyoruz. G\u00fcvenilirlik, itibar, etik de\u011ferler ve kalite standartlar\u0131 gibi unsurlar, vazge\u00e7ilmezlerimiz olu\u015fturur.\",\"legalName\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk\",\"foundingDate\":\"2002-01-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"1\",\"maxValue\":\"10\"},\"address\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-place-address\"},\"geo\":{\"@type\":\"GeoCoordinates\",\"latitude\":\"39.90985903589262\",\"longitude\":\"32.81218744448808\"},\"telephone\":[\"0 (312) 473 39 60\",\"0 (553) 223 32 90\"],\"openingHoursSpecification\":[{\"@type\":\"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\"dayOfWeek\":[\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\",\"Saturday\"],\"opens\":\"08:00\",\"closes\":\"18:00\"},{\"@type\":\"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\"dayOfWeek\":[\"Sunday\"],\"opens\":\"00:00\",\"closes\":\"00:00\"}],\"email\":\"iletisim@bicakhukuk.com\",\"faxNumber\":\"0 (312) 473 39 62\",\"areaServed\":\"Hukuk\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ffbc31864ec806febdc7f57e5eae117\",\"name\":\"Admin\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/author\/vahit-bicak\/\"},{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-place-address\",\"streetAddress\":\"Next Level Loft Ofis, Kat 9-10, Daire 29, K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak Mahallesi, Ufuk \u00dcniversitesi Caddesi S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00f6z\u00fc \/ \u00c7ankaya\",\"addressLocality\":\"Ankara\",\"postalCode\":\"06530\",\"addressCountry\":\"TR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":2000,\"caption\":\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk | T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk Firmas\u0131\"}]}<\/script>\n<meta name=\"geo.placename\" content=\"Ankara\" \/>\n<meta name=\"geo.position\" content=\"39.90985903589262;32.81218744448808\" \/>\n<meta name=\"geo.region\" content=\"Turkey\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","description":"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"T\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi %","og_description":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2013ABD ili\u015fkileri, diplomasi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcndemi kadar, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez ondan da belirleyici bi\u00e7imde hukuk metinleri ve uyum rejimleri taraf\u0131ndan","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/","og_site_name":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bicakhukuk","article_published_time":"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1326,"url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@BicakHukuk","twitter_site":"@BicakHukuk","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Admin","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/"},"author":{"name":"Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ffbc31864ec806febdc7f57e5eae117"},"headline":"T\u00fcrkiye – ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi","datePublished":"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/"},"wordCount":2562,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg","keywords":["ABD insan haklar\u0131 raporu","ABD Kongre Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi T\u00fcrkiye Raporu","AECA","AML","Ankara hukuk b\u00fcrosu","Ankara-Washington ili\u015fkileri","bankac\u0131l\u0131k uyumu","B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","CAATSA","\u00e7ift kullan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler","CRS R44000","end-use","F-16 tedariki","F-35 program\u0131","F35 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131","Hukuki risk analizi","i\u00e7 denetim ve kay\u0131t saklama","ihracat kontrol avukat\u0131","\u0130hracat kontrolleri","ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131m riski","\u0130leri teknoloji sava\u015f jetleri","\u0130srail\u2013Filistin ticaret etkileri","\u0130stanbul hukuk b\u00fcrosu","ITAR","ITAR lisans\u0131","Kongre Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Servisi","Kongre \u015fartlar\u0131","k\u00fcresel sal\u0131ncak devlet","K\u00fcresel Sarka\u00e7 Devletler","KYC","NATO \u00e7er\u00e7evesi","OFAC","OFAC taramas\u0131","prof. dr. vahit b\u0131\u00e7ak","risk ve kriz planlama","Rusya\u2013Ukrayna yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131","S-400 etkisi","savunma sanayii avukat\u0131","savunma tedariki hukuku","\u015firketler hukuku avukat\u0131","s\u00f6zle\u015fme avukat\u0131","s\u00f6zle\u015fme y\u00f6netimi","Suriye dosyas\u0131","tedarik zinciri denetimi","teknoloji transferi","T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri i\u00e7in uyum rehberi","T\u00fcrkiye hukuk b\u00fcrosu","T\u00fcrkiye Sarka\u00e7 Devlet","T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ili\u015fkileri","UBO","uluslararas\u0131 ticaret avukat\u0131","uyum (compliance)","uyum dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","yapt\u0131r\u0131m","yapt\u0131r\u0131m avukat\u0131","Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar","yeniden ihrac (retransfer)"],"articleSection":["D\u0131\u015f Ticaret Hukuku","G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \/ D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/","name":"T\u00fcrkiye - ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2025-10-18T20:58:48+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-18T21:15:14+00:00","description":"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/United-States-Congress-Turkey-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1326,"caption":"T\u00fcrkiye ABD \u0130li\u015fkileri Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi Kongre \u015eartlar\u0131 Yapt\u0131r\u0131m F16 F35 Dosyas\u0131 Uyum Rehberi Avukat Hukuk B\u00fcrosu R44000 Raporu lisans u\u00e7ak"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Homepage","item":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"T\u00fcrkiye – ABD \u0130li\u015fkilerinin Hukuk\u00ee \u00c7er\u00e7evesi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/","name":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk","description":"T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk, Ankara Avukat, Ankara Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Organization","Place"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#organization","name":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk | T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk Firmas\u0131","alternateName":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk, Ankara Avukat, Ankara Hukuk B\u00fcrosu","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/","logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bicakhukuk","https:\/\/x.com\/BicakHukuk","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bicakhukuk\/","https:\/\/tr.linkedin.com\/company\/b-ak-law-firm","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCodktEWFyJmIp3i1BH9aM2A\/"],"description":"K\u00fcresel, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal \u015firketlere, kurulu\u015flara ve ki\u015filere uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131m\u0131zda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00f6nleyici hukuk dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ise arabuluculuk, arabuluculukta taraf vekilli\u011fi, mahkemelerde taraf vekilli\u011fi ve avukatl\u0131k, tahkim hakemli\u011fi, tahkimde taraf vekilli\u011fi, hukuki konularda m\u00fctalaa ve hukuki konularda e\u011fitim hizmetleri vermekteyiz. Uluslararas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal hukuka ili\u015fkin inceleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tecr\u00fcbeye dayal\u0131 hukuk hizmetlerimizi sunarken teknolojinin imkan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rsel (video konferans) veya i\u015fitsel (sesli konferans) ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin elverdi\u011fi t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131 kullanmaktay\u0131z. Dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131z veya m\u00fcvekkillerimiz, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, b\u00f6lgemizin veya \u00fclkemizin neresinde olurlarsa olsunlar hizmetlerimizden uzaktan eri\u015fim yoluyla yararlanabilmektedir. Muhtemel ihtilaflar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek veya en aza indirmek gayesiyle m\u00fcvekkillerimize sundu\u011fumuz dinamik, etkili ve \u00f6nleyici dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetlerimizin yan\u0131nda, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde arabuluculuk, tahkim veya mahkemelerde dava takibi hizmetleri de sunmaktay\u0131z. Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131, do\u011fru bilgiye h\u0131zl\u0131 eri\u015fimdir. M\u00fcvekkil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 tam ve eksiksiz tan\u0131mlayarak y\u00fcksek standartlarda, kaliteli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f bulunuyoruz. G\u00fcvenilirlik, itibar, etik de\u011ferler ve kalite standartlar\u0131 gibi unsurlar, vazge\u00e7ilmezlerimiz olu\u015fturur.","legalName":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk","foundingDate":"2002-01-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"1","maxValue":"10"},"address":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-place-address"},"geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"39.90985903589262","longitude":"32.81218744448808"},"telephone":["0 (312) 473 39 60","0 (553) 223 32 90"],"openingHoursSpecification":[{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"opens":"08:00","closes":"18:00"},{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Sunday"],"opens":"00:00","closes":"00:00"}],"email":"iletisim@bicakhukuk.com","faxNumber":"0 (312) 473 39 62","areaServed":"Hukuk"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ffbc31864ec806febdc7f57e5eae117","name":"Admin","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/author\/vahit-bicak\/"},{"@type":"PostalAddress","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-place-address","streetAddress":"Next Level Loft Ofis, Kat 9-10, Daire 29, K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak Mahallesi, Ufuk \u00dcniversitesi Caddesi S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00f6z\u00fc \/ \u00c7ankaya","addressLocality":"Ankara","postalCode":"06530","addressCountry":"TR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/turkiye-abd-iliskilerinin-hukuki-cercevesi\/#local-main-organization-logo","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png","width":2000,"height":2000,"caption":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk | T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk Firmas\u0131"}]},"geo.placename":"Ankara","geo.position":{"lat":"39.90985903589262","long":"32.81218744448808"},"geo.region":"Turkey"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29514\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}