{"id":28712,"date":"2025-03-19T03:51:58","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T00:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=28712"},"modified":"2026-08-25T15:42:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T12:42:58","slug":"cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement\/","title":{"rendered":"Cybersecurity in T\u00fcrkiye: Law, Regulation, Compliance and Enforcement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"1491\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s cybersecurity framework has moved rapidly from legislative reform in 2025 to institutional implementation, supervision and operational compliance in 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7545&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law No. 7545 on Cybersecurity<\/a> now operates alongside data protection, internet and electronic communications legislation, criminal law and sector-specific rules, creating a multi-layered compliance environment rather than a single standalone cybersecurity regime. At the centre of this architecture is the <a href=\"https:\/\/siberguvenlik.gov.tr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cybersecurity Presidency<\/a>, established in January 2025 as the central administrative authority responsible for national cybersecurity policy and coordination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"2496\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/siberguvenlik.gov.tr\/hakkimizda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cybersecurity Board<\/a> provides the high-level strategic layer, while the<a href=\"https:\/\/siberguvenlik.gov.tr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Presidency<\/a>, TR-CERT\/USOM, institutional and sectoral Cyber Incident Response Teams (SOME), the Personal Data Protection Authority and sector regulators perform distinct but sometimes overlapping functions. For businesses, the central challenge is determining which requirements apply generally, which arise from critical-infrastructure status or sector regulation, and which measures represent guidance or recognised best practice rather than universal statutory duties. Cyber incidents may simultaneously trigger cybersecurity, personal-data, sector-regulatory, contractual and potentially civil or criminal consequences. The emerging framework also places increasing emphasis on auditability, documented risk governance, incident readiness and third-party oversight. Cybersecurity should therefore be treated not merely as an IT function, but as a <strong data-start=\"2418\" data-end=\"2495\">regulatory, governance, operational-resilience and board-level legal risk<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"ioy8mr\" data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2571\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">1. Cybersecurity in T\u00fcrkiye: From Legislative Reform to Implementation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"3273\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">T\u00fcrkiye entered a new phase of cybersecurity regulation in 2025 with the establishment of the <a href=\"https:\/\/siberguvenlik.gov.tr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2667\" data-end=\"2695\">Cybersecurity Presidency<\/strong><\/a> and the enactment of <a href=\"https:\/\/mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7545&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2750\">Law No. 7545 on Cybersecurity<\/strong><\/a>. The Presidency was established on 8 January 2025 by Presidential Decree No. 177 as a public legal entity attached to the Presidency, with responsibilities encompassing national cybersecurity policy, coordination, critical-infrastructure protection, cyber-threat and vulnerability management and crisis preparedness. <a href=\"https:\/\/mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=7545&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law No. 7545<\/a> followed on 19 March 2025, providing the principal statutory framework for cybersecurity governance, duties, supervision, sanctions and relevant offences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3793\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">By 2026, the emphasis had shifted from legislative creation towards implementation. The Cybersecurity Board met under the chairmanship of the President on 5 May 2026 and addressed national cyber risks, critical infrastructure, digital sovereignty and resilience. The key question for organisations is consequently no longer simply what the new Cybersecurity Law provides, but <strong data-start=\"3651\" data-end=\"3754\">how T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s new institutional architecture translates into operational compliance and supervision<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"17uebvb\" data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3854\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">2. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Multi-Layered Cybersecurity Legal Framework<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3856\" data-end=\"4201\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cybersecurity compliance in T\u00fcrkiye does not arise from a single statute. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2025\/03\/20250319-1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law No. 7545<\/a> provides the horizontal cybersecurity framework but operates alongside <strong data-start=\"4014\" data-end=\"4062\">P<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6698&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ersonal Data Protection Law No. 6698<\/a> (KVKK)<\/strong>, Law No. 5651 on internet publications, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=5809&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electronic Communications Law No. 5809<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=5237&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turkish Criminal Code<\/a> and sector-specific legislation.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The regulatory consequences therefore depend on the organisation and activity concerned. Banking and payment institutions, electronic communications operators, capital-market actors, crypto-asset service providers, healthcare organisations and critical infrastructure may face additional requirements under their respective regimes. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The practical consequence is significant: <strong data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4649\">one cyber event may engage several legal frameworks simultaneously<\/strong>. Effective compliance requires mapping cybersecurity duties together with data-protection, sectoral, contractual and potentially criminal-law exposure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1hbui5d\" data-start=\"4803\" data-end=\"4857\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">3. Cybersecurity Presidency and Cybersecurity Board<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4859\" data-end=\"5394\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/siberguvenlik.gov.tr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4891\">Cybersecurity Presidency<\/strong><\/a> sits at the centre of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s national cybersecurity governance structure. Its responsibilities include determining policies and strategies, coordinating implementation, protecting critical infrastructure, identifying threats and vulnerabilities, reducing cyber risks and supporting crisis-management mechanisms. The cybersecurity functions and related implementation infrastructure of the former Digital Transformation Office were transferred to the Presidency. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Presidency should nevertheless be distinguished from sector regulators and other competent authorities. BTK retains its regulatory role in electronic communications, while other authorities remain responsible within fields such as banking, capital markets and personal-data protection. The <strong data-start=\"5690\" data-end=\"5713\">Cybersecurity Board<\/strong>, in turn, provides the high-level strategic and coordination layer. This creates a multi-authority model in which cybersecurity regulation increasingly intersects with established sectoral supervision.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"yn62jv\" data-start=\"5917\" data-end=\"5972\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">4. Who is Subject to T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Cybersecurity Regime?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5974\" data-end=\"6312\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Law No. 7545 has a broad, function-based scope encompassing specified public bodies, natural and legal persons, organisations without legal personality and critical infrastructure operators operating, existing or providing services in cyberspace. It should not therefore be understood as legislation applying only to technology companies. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The <strong data-start=\"6318\" data-end=\"6360\">intensity of regulation is not uniform<\/strong>. Public institutions and critical infrastructure operators occupy a particularly regulated position, while organisations in banking, telecommunications, capital markets, healthcare and other regulated industries may simultaneously face sector-specific requirements. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Foreign businesses should likewise assess their Turkish operations entity by entity and activity by activity. A local establishment, regulated activity, protected information or participation in critical services may materially alter the applicable compliance profile.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1un9tam\" data-start=\"6898\" data-end=\"6967\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">5. Core Obligations: Mandatory Rules, Sectoral Duties and Guidance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6969\" data-end=\"7266\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A central distinction in Turkish cybersecurity law is between <strong data-start=\"7031\" data-end=\"7206\">general statutory obligations, entity- or sector-specific mandatory requirements, applicable Presidency frameworks and guidance, and recognised cybersecurity best practice<\/strong>. These categories should not be treated as interchangeable. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Law No. 7545 establishes the overarching cybersecurity framework. Additional technical, organisational, audit, reporting or resilience requirements may arise because an organisation operates in a regulated sector or qualifies as critical infrastructure. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Nor should every recognised cybersecurity measure be presented as a universal legal obligation. Requirements concerning matters such as dedicated cybersecurity governance structures, penetration testing or prescribed technical controls may be mandatory in particular regulatory contexts without applying identically to every private company. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A sound compliance assessment should therefore ask: <strong data-start=\"7918\" data-end=\"8126\">What does the legislation require? What additional rules apply to this entity or sector? Which Presidency frameworks apply? What further controls should be adopted as proportionate cybersecurity practice?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1h550s2\" data-start=\"8128\" data-end=\"8168\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">6. Critical Infrastructure Protection<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8170\" data-end=\"8352\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Critical infrastructure occupies a central position because compromise of essential systems can affect national security, public services, economic stability and societal resilience. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">On 5 May 2026, the Cybersecurity Board designated 15 critical infrastructure sectors: <strong data-start=\"8440\" data-end=\"8717\">Digital Infrastructures, Digital Services, Electronic Communications, Energy, Finance, Food and Agriculture, Manufacturing, Public Services, Media and Crisis Communications, Postal and Cargo Services, Healthcare, Defence Industry, Water Management, Transportation and Space<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Presidency applies a risk-management approach aimed at strengthening resilience, coordination and continuity of critical services. Critical-infrastructure compliance should therefore be treated as an ongoing resilience process rather than a one-off certification exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"y086m\" data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9149\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">7. TR-CERT\/USOM, SOME and T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Cyber Incident Response Architecture<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9151\" data-end=\"9380\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s incident-response architecture combines central coordination with institutional and sector-level capabilities. <strong data-start=\"9272\" data-end=\"9315\">SOME (Siber Olaylara M\u00fcdahale Ekipleri)<\/strong> constitute an important operational layer within this structure. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Presidency\u2019s current framework distinguishes sectoral and institutional SOME and uses the <strong data-start=\"9476\" data-end=\"9513\">SOME Communication Platform (S\u0130P)<\/strong> as a secure communication mechanism. The Presidency states that S\u0130P membership is mandatory for public institutions and organisations operating in critical sectors, while other private organisations may participate voluntarily. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">This operational response architecture should be distinguished from regulatory notification. Technical coordination with TR-CERT\/USOM or a SOME does not by itself determine whether separate notification must be made under data-protection or sector-specific law.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"d0e3it\" data-start=\"10044\" data-end=\"10112\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">8. Cyber Incident Reporting and Personal Data Breach Notification<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"10114\" data-end=\"10367\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A cyber incident and a personal-data breach are not legally synonymous. An infrastructure attack may constitute a cyber incident without involving personal data, while another event may simultaneously trigger cybersecurity-response and KVKK obligations. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Under Article 12(5) KVKK, where processed personal data are unlawfully obtained by others, the controller must notify the affected persons and the Personal Data Protection Board. The Board interprets \u201cas soon as possible\u201d as requiring notification to the Board <strong data-start=\"10630\" data-end=\"10709\">without delay and no later than 72 hours after becoming aware of the breach<\/strong>; affected persons must be informed within the shortest reasonable period after they are identified. The Authority&#8217;s 2026 materials continue expressly to apply this standard. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The 72-hour period should therefore <strong data-start=\"10959\" data-end=\"10966\">not<\/strong> be described as a universal deadline for all cyber incidents. Depending on the event and organisation, cybersecurity authorities, sector regulators, affected persons, contractual counterparties and insurers may each require separate consideration. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An effective incident-response plan should contain a <strong data-start=\"11269\" data-end=\"11292\">notification matrix<\/strong> identifying the trigger, recipient, deadline, responsible decision-maker and required information for each potentially applicable regime.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1v9qlpc\" data-start=\"11432\" data-end=\"11495\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">9. The 2026 Information and Communication Security Framework<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"11497\" data-end=\"11894\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The <strong data-start=\"11501\" data-end=\"11549\">Information and Communication Security Guide<\/strong> and its associated audit framework form an important part of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s operational security architecture. On 1 March 2026, the Presidency published the current Guide, Audit Guide, forms, templates and the mapping between the Guide and TS ISO\/IEC 27001 controls; implementation FAQs followed on 15 May 2026. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">These materials should not be presented as a universal code applying identically to all private businesses. The Presidency states that, subject to applicable exceptions, public institutions within the state organisation and critical infrastructure operators maintaining IT units or procuring IT services are required to undertake Guide-compliance and audit activities. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Guide is expressly conceived as a <strong data-start=\"12344\" data-end=\"12363\">living document<\/strong>, capable of evolving with changing technologies, needs and circumstances.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1vlxnmz\" data-start=\"12479\" data-end=\"12535\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">10. Cybersecurity Audits, Supervision and Enforcement<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"12537\" data-end=\"12692\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s emerging cybersecurity framework increasingly asks whether organisations can <strong data-start=\"12624\" data-end=\"12654\">demonstrate implementation<\/strong>, rather than merely produce policies. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Law No. 7545 gives the Presidency significant supervisory functions. For entities covered by the Information and Communication Security framework, the Presidency states that internal audit work is expected <strong data-start=\"12900\" data-end=\"12921\">at least annually<\/strong>, with results transmitted to the Presidency. Compliance, audit and ISO\/IEC 27001-aligned information-security management activities are monitored through <strong data-start=\"13076\" data-end=\"13086\">B\u0130GDES<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For organisations, the practical objective should therefore be <strong data-start=\"13192\" data-end=\"13216\">inspection readiness<\/strong>: responsibilities, risk assessments, implemented controls, incident records and remediation measures should be capable of being demonstrated when required.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"159pvfz\" data-start=\"13374\" data-end=\"13423\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">11. Sector-Specific Cybersecurity Requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"13425\" data-end=\"13523\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The horizontal framework under Law No. 7545 does not displace existing sector-specific regulation. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Banking and financial services are among the more prescriptively regulated areas, with information-systems, authentication, outsourcing, business-continuity and operational-security requirements. Electronic communications remain subject to BTK regulation, while capital-market and crypto-asset activities fall within the relevant CMB framework. Healthcare organisations must consider cybersecurity alongside the heightened protection applicable to health data. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Critical-infrastructure status may add another layer irrespective of sector. Cybersecurity compliance in regulated industries should consequently be approached as a <strong data-start=\"14152\" data-end=\"14183\">regulatory mapping exercise<\/strong>, not through a single generic checklist.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"zplof7\" data-start=\"14226\" data-end=\"14274\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">12. Cybersecurity as a Board-Level Legal Risk<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"14276\" data-end=\"14545\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cybersecurity should no longer be regarded solely as an IT-department responsibility. Material cyber risks affecting business continuity, confidential information, customer assets or regulatory compliance can engage corporate governance and management responsibilities. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Under the Turkish Commercial Code, directors and persons entrusted with management are subject to duties of care and loyalty. Depending on the company and circumstances, the risk-management framework under Articles 369, 378 and the liability principles of Article 553 may become relevant to cybersecurity governance. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Board oversight does not mean directors must personally manage technical controls. It means material cyber risks should be subject to appropriate <strong data-start=\"15011\" data-end=\"15073\">governance, reporting, resources, escalation and oversight<\/strong>. Known vulnerabilities left unaddressed, policies existing only on paper, unmanaged critical-vendor risks or inadequate incident escalation may consequently have significance beyond technical cybersecurity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"r0e8wi\" data-start=\"15282\" data-end=\"15349\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">13. Cross-Border Data, Cloud Services and Third-Party Cyber Risk<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"15351\" data-end=\"15529\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cloud services, global security platforms, managed detection services and technology suppliers create overlapping cybersecurity, data-protection, sectoral and contractual issues. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">There is no single general rule requiring all cybersecurity-related data generated in T\u00fcrkiye to remain domestically stored. Cross-border transfers of personal data must, however, comply with <strong data-start=\"15723\" data-end=\"15741\">Article 9 KVKK<\/strong>, while regulated sectors may impose additional requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"15804\" data-end=\"16147\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Security telemetry illustrates the issue. Logs, identifiers, authentication records and threat-detection information transmitted to an overseas cloud or Security Operations Centre may contain protected information. Organisations should therefore identify <strong data-start=\"16059\" data-end=\"16146\">what leaves T\u00fcrkiye, where it is processed, who accesses it and on what legal basis<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Third-party risk should similarly be addressed through due diligence, contracts and ongoing oversight. Outsourcing technical functions does not necessarily outsource regulatory responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1uxyta6\" data-start=\"16343\" data-end=\"16396\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">14. Civil Liability, Cyber Litigation and Remedies<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"16398\" data-end=\"16663\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cyber incidents may generate private-law consequences in addition to regulatory enforcement. Depending on the circumstances, claims may arise from breach of contract, tort, violation of personality rights, unlawful processing of personal data or unfair competition. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Evidence management is particularly important. Logs, forensic records, access histories, internal communications and vendor information may later determine how an incident occurred, what safeguards existed and whether reasonable measures were taken. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Technical containment should therefore be coordinated from an early stage with <strong data-start=\"16995\" data-end=\"17076\">evidence preservation, regulatory reporting and potential litigation strategy<\/strong>. Available remedies will depend on the facts and may include damages, contractual claims, protective measures and proceedings before competent regulatory or judicial authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"v59x4h\" data-start=\"17257\" data-end=\"17314\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">15. Cyber Insurance, Ransomware and Extortion Payments<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"17316\" data-end=\"17640\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cyber insurance may transfer part of the financial exposure associated with incident response, forensic investigation, data restoration, business interruption and third-party liability. Coverage nevertheless depends on the policy wording, exclusions, notification conditions and security representations made by the insured. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ransomware presents additional legal complexity. A payment decision may require consideration of the recipient&#8217;s identity, <strong data-start=\"17765\" data-end=\"17887\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/international-sanctions-and-export-control-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctions<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/money-laundering-in-turkiye-legal-rules-and-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AML\/CFT<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/corporate-criminal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal-law implications<\/a>, insurance conditions, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/works\/evidence-digital-forensic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence preservation<\/a> and regulatory coordination<\/strong>. It should therefore not be treated simply as a commercial decision about restoring systems. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">16. Practical Cybersecurity Compliance Roadmap for Organisations. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cybersecurity compliance should begin with <strong data-start=\"18094\" data-end=\"18116\">regulatory mapping<\/strong>, followed by a documented assessment of governance, risks, controls, incident readiness and external dependencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"18233\" data-end=\"18701\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An organisation should be able to establish: which cybersecurity and sectoral rules apply; who is accountable at board, management and operational levels; whether material risks and critical assets are identified; whether incident escalation and evidence-preservation procedures work; which authorities and stakeholders may require notification; how cloud, vendor and cross-border risks are managed; and whether implementation can be demonstrated during an inspection. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The objective is not identical controls for every organisation, but a <strong data-start=\"18773\" data-end=\"18840\">risk-based, proportionate and demonstrable compliance framework<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"aivanj\" data-start=\"18843\" data-end=\"18924\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">17. How B\u0131\u00e7ak Law Firm Supports Cybersecurity Compliance and Incident Response<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"18926\" data-end=\"19134\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak Law Firm advises domestic and international organisations on T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s cybersecurity regulatory framework and its interaction with data protection, corporate governance, contracts and sector regulation. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Our support may include regulatory-scope and compliance assessments, cybersecurity governance reviews, incident-response and notification planning, technology and outsourcing agreements, third-party and cross-border data risk, regulatory engagement, internal investigations and cyber-related disputes. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Where an incident has occurred, legal assistance may also involve coordinating regulatory and contractual obligations, supporting forensic teams from a legal perspective, preserving the organisation\u2019s legal position and representing clients in related investigations, proceedings and disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"6p5tco\" data-start=\"19734\" data-end=\"19767\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18. Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"mp9td0\" data-start=\"19769\" data-end=\"19809\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.1. What is T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Cybersecurity Law?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"19811\" data-end=\"20069\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Law No. 7545, enacted in March 2025, provides T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s principal horizontal statutory cybersecurity framework. It operates alongside data-protection, communications, internet, criminal and sector-specific legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"1nsnbzh\" data-start=\"20071\" data-end=\"20106\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.2. Who does Law No. 7545 apply to?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"20108\" data-end=\"20295\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Its scope is broad and function-based. The precise obligations applicable to an organisation depend on its activities, regulatory status and, where relevant, critical-infrastructure role.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"l2gsgw\" data-start=\"20297\" data-end=\"20343\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.3. Does every company in T\u00fcrkiye need a CISO?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"20345\" data-end=\"20552\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">No universal CISO requirement should be inferred for every private company merely because it operates in T\u00fcrkiye. Specific organisational requirements may arise under sectoral or other applicable regulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"1cll2op\" data-start=\"20554\" data-end=\"20608\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.4. Are penetration tests mandatory for every company?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"20610\" data-end=\"20781\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Not universally. They may be mandatory in particular regulatory environments and may constitute appropriate security practice depending on the organisation&#8217;s risk profile.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"86ax6q\" data-start=\"20783\" data-end=\"20826\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.5. When must a cyber incident be reported?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"20828\" data-end=\"21138\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">There is no single deadline for every cyber incident. Where Article 12(5) KVKK applies to a personal-data breach, notification to the Personal Data Protection Board must be made without delay and, under the Board&#8217;s interpretation, no later than 72 hours after awareness.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"vluqch\" data-start=\"21140\" data-end=\"21181\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.6. What is the Cybersecurity Presidency?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"21183\" data-end=\"21384\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It is the central administrative authority established in January 2025 for T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;s national cybersecurity policy, coordination and related statutory functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"1kq189s\" data-start=\"21386\" data-end=\"21451\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.7. Does T\u00fcrkiye require cybersecurity data to remain in T\u00fcrkiye?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"21453\" data-end=\"21642\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">There is no universal localisation rule for all cybersecurity data. Personal-data transfers and sector-specific localisation or outsourcing requirements must instead be assessed separately.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"go6t98\" data-start=\"21644\" data-end=\"21709\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.8. Can the Cybersecurity Presidency audit private organisations?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"21711\" data-end=\"21901\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Law No. 7545 provides supervisory and inspection powers within its scope. The extent of the requirements applicable to a particular private organisation depends on its status and activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"1gt4aj3\" data-start=\"21903\" data-end=\"21958\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.9. Can directors be liable for cybersecurity failures?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"21960\" data-end=\"22159\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Potentially, where the circumstances engage directors&#8217; statutory duties and the conditions for liability are satisfied. The occurrence of a cyber incident alone does not establish director liability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-section-id=\"znffqs\" data-start=\"22161\" data-end=\"22227\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">18.10. What should an organisation do after a serious cyber incident?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"22229\" data-end=\"22445\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It should activate incident-response procedures, contain and assess the incident, preserve evidence and promptly determine applicable cybersecurity, regulatory, data-protection, contractual and insurance obligations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1xqvocm\" data-start=\"22447\" data-end=\"22497\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">19. Conclusion: From Compliance to Cyber Resilience<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"22499\" data-end=\"23015\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s cybersecurity regime has entered a new stage. Law No. 7545 supplied the legislative foundation in 2025; the Cybersecurity Presidency, Cybersecurity Board and operational compliance framework are shifting attention in 2026 toward <strong data-start=\"22738\" data-end=\"22785\">implementation, auditability and resilience<\/strong>. The Board&#8217;s May 2026 designation of 15 critical infrastructure sectors and the Presidency&#8217;s current compliance and audit resources provide particularly visible evidence of that transition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"23017\" data-end=\"23573\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For organisations, cybersecurity can no longer be reduced to technical controls or post-incident response. It increasingly intersects with governance, regulatory compliance, data protection, critical infrastructure, third-party management and business continuity. The decisive question is therefore not simply whether an organisation has cybersecurity measures, but whether it can <strong data-start=\"23398\" data-end=\"23572\">identify material risks, demonstrate proportionate controls, respond effectively and account for its decisions before regulators, courts, customers and other stakeholders<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The progression from formal compliance to <strong data-start=\"23617\" data-end=\"23650\">demonstrable cyber resilience<\/strong> is consequently becoming an essential component of responsible corporate governance in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">At B\u0131\u00e7ak Law Firm, we provide expert legal counsel on cybersecurity, data protection, and compliance strategies tailored to businesses operating in Turkey. For further guidance, feel free to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/contact\/legal-services-points\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact us<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For our latest announcement on this topic, you may also read about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/team\/attorneys-2\/prof-dr-vahit-bicak\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prof. Dr. Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/a>\u2019s contribution to the <em data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"230\">International Comparative Legal Guide &#8211; Cybersecurity 2026<\/em>, where a ten-page analysis on T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s cybersecurity laws is freely accessible online: <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/contribution-to-international-guide-cybersecurity\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"399\">https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/contribution-to-international-guide-cybersecurity\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s cybersecurity framework has moved rapidly from legislative reform in 2025 to institutional implementation, supervision and operational compliance in 2026. Law No. 7545 on Cybersecurity now operates alongside data protection, internet and electronic communications legislation, criminal law and sector-specific rules, creating a multi-layered compliance environment rather than a single standalone cybersecurity regime. At the centre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":30370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,633],"tags":[34094,23368,7771,23367,34099,23376,23363,23387,23382,23372,15673,15553,12354,12364,12350,12355,23380,12349,23373,23354,23379,23343,23386,23364,12347,9560,7117,23371,23375,12361,23357,23349,23351,23388,23358,23345,12352,23377,12360,23389,23348,6356,23355,23374,12351,23390,34093,34098,12358,23383,23366,23392,23365,23346,23381,23361,12357,23360,12356,23391,23347,23359,23384,23344,23350,23378,23369,23362,12362,12353,23385,12363,12348,12326,23393,12359,23370,23352,23353,23356,34097,34096,34091,34100,34095,34092],"class_list":["post-28712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en","category-news","tag-are-penetration-tests-mandatory-in-turkiye","tag-bicak-law-cybersecurity-expertise","tag-bicak-law-firm","tag-bicak-law-firm-cybersecurity","tag-can-the-cybersecurity-presidency-audit-private-companies","tag-comparative-law-cybersecurity","tag-comparative-legal-guide-cybersecurity","tag-comparative-study-of-cybersecurity-laws","tag-contribution-to-international-cybersecurity-legal-guide","tag-cross-border-cybersecurity-legal-advice","tag-cross-border-data-protection","tag-cyber-law","tag-cyber-law-in-turkey","tag-cyber-risk-mitigation","tag-cyber-threats-and-security","tag-cybercrime-prevention","tag-cybersecurity-and-regulatory-compliance","tag-cybersecurity-compliance","tag-cybersecurity-compliance-consultancy","tag-cybersecurity-compliance-in-turkey","tag-cybersecurity-governance-law","tag-cybersecurity-law","tag-cybersecurity-law-expert-contribution","tag-cybersecurity-law-publication","tag-cybersecurity-law-turkey","tag-cybersecurity-law-turkiye","tag-cybersecurity-lawyer-turkey","tag-cybersecurity-legal-advisory-services","tag-cybersecurity-legal-analysis","tag-cybersecurity-legal-consultancy","tag-cybersecurity-legal-expert-turkey","tag-cybersecurity-legal-guide","tag-cybersecurity-legislation-comparative-analysis","tag-cybersecurity-regulation-overview-for-businesses","tag-cybersecurity-regulation-turkiye","tag-cybersecurity-regulations","tag-cybersecurity-risk-management","tag-cybersecurity-risk-regulation","tag-cybersecurity-services-business","tag-data-breach-law","tag-data-protection-and-cybersecurity-law","tag-data-protection-turkey","tag-data-security-law-turkey","tag-data-security-legal-services","tag-digital-security-laws","tag-digital-security-regulation","tag-does-every-company-in-turkiye-need-a-ciso","tag-does-turkiye-require-cybersecurity-data-to-remain-in-turkiye","tag-enforcement-measures","tag-expert-analysis-on-cybersecurity-law","tag-expert-contribution-cybersecurity-law","tag-gdpr-and-cybersecurity","tag-global-cybersecurity-legal-analysis","tag-global-cybersecurity-legal-framework","tag-global-data-breach-regulation","tag-global-legal-group-cybersecurity-guide","tag-governance-cybersecurity","tag-iclg-cybersecurity-2026","tag-information-security","tag-information-security-law","tag-international-comparative-cybersecurity-law","tag-international-comparative-legal-guide-cybersecurity","tag-international-cybersecurity-compliance-guide","tag-international-cybersecurity-law","tag-international-cybersecurity-regulations","tag-international-data-security-law","tag-international-law-firm-cybersecurity","tag-international-legal-guide-cybersecurity","tag-it-security-regulations","tag-legal-framework-for-cybersecurity","tag-legal-insights-on-cybersecurity-regulations","tag-network-security-compliance","tag-new-cybersecurity-regulations","tag-regulatory-compliance","tag-technology-law-firm-turkey","tag-technology-law-in-turkey","tag-turkey-based-international-law-firm","tag-turkey-cybersecurity-regulations","tag-turkish-cybersecurity-law","tag-turkish-data-protection-and-cybersecurity","tag-what-are-the-cybersecurity-obligations-for-critical-infrastructure","tag-what-is-the-role-of-the-cybersecurity-presidency","tag-what-is-turkiyes-cybersecurity-law","tag-what-penalties-apply-for-cybersecurity-non-compliance","tag-when-must-a-cyber-incident-be-reported","tag-who-does-law-no-7545-apply-to"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131, do\u011fru bilgiye h\u0131zl\u0131 eri\u015fimdir. M\u00fcvekkil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 tam ve eksiksiz tan\u0131mlayarak y\u00fcksek standartlarda, kaliteli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f bulunuyoruz. G\u00fcvenilirlik, itibar, etik de\u011ferler ve kalite standartlar\u0131 gibi unsurlar, vazge\u00e7ilmezlerimiz olu\u015fturur.","legalName":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk","foundingDate":"2002-01-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"1","maxValue":"10"},"address":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement\/#local-main-place-address"},"geo":{"@type":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":"39.90985903589262","longitude":"32.81218744448808"},"telephone":["0 (312) 473 39 60","0 (553) 223 32 90"],"openingHoursSpecification":[{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"opens":"08:00","closes":"18:00"},{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Sunday"],"opens":"00:00","closes":"00:00"}],"email":"iletisim@bicakhukuk.com","faxNumber":"0 (312) 473 39 62","areaServed":"Hukuk"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3ffbc31864ec806febdc7f57e5eae117","name":"Admin","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/author\/vahit-bicak\/"},{"@type":"PostalAddress","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement\/#local-main-place-address","streetAddress":"Next Level Loft Ofis, Kat 9-10, Daire 29, K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak Mahallesi, Ufuk \u00dcniversitesi Caddesi S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00f6z\u00fc \/ \u00c7ankaya","addressLocality":"Ankara","postalCode":"06530","addressCountry":"TR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement\/#local-main-organization-logo","url":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bicak_hukuk_logo_kare.png","width":2000,"height":2000,"caption":"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk | T\u00fcrkiye Merkezli Global Hukuk Firmas\u0131"}]},"geo.placename":"Ankara","geo.position":{"lat":"39.90985903589262","long":"32.81218744448808"},"geo.region":"Turkey"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28712"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33022,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712\/revisions\/33022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}