{"id":26387,"date":"2023-07-22T19:19:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T16:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=26387"},"modified":"2023-08-29T12:59:02","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T09:59:02","slug":"avoiding-and-handling-contractual-disputes-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/avoiding-and-handling-contractual-disputes-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Avoiding Contractual Disputes in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Frequent occurrences of contractual disputes can pose significant challenges to business operations, impacting finances, reputation, and growth prospects. To minimize risks, the primary focus should be on preventing such disputes. In this article, we offer valuable advice on r<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkeymediationcentre.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">esolving conflicts amicably<\/a>, ideally without resorting to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/litigation-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">litigation<\/a>, or better yet, proactively avoiding their emergence.<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Formation of a Contract<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The key to forming a valid and enforceable contract is to ensure that there is\u00a0<strong>clarity and mutual agreement<\/strong>\u00a0at every stage of the process, from the original offer through to the final acceptance. Parties should understand what the terms of the contract are and when key stages of the formation process are achieved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In Turkey, there are\u00a0three core elements\u00a0that must be present in every contract. These are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Agreement on the essential terms of the contract;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Certainty of the terms of the contract; and<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A mutual intention amongst the parties to create legal relations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If a contract fails\u00a0in any of these elements, it cannot be legally valid. This would make the contract unenforceable from the moment of its creation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">t is advisable that contracts should be in written form, but this is not a legal requirement in Turkey.\u00a0Contracts can be formed orally, implied by a party\u2019s conduct, or created through a combination of these forms. However, these types\u00a0of contracts\u00a0will\u00a0not benefit from the certainty that a written contract can provide, or from the greater evidential weight that it carries.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Offer and Acceptance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Contracts are typically brought into existence through\u00a0offer and acceptance. An offer is a proposal by one party to enter\u00a0into a contract on certain terms. The terms must be sufficiently detailed and clear so that if they are accepted then a contract can be formed without the need for further bargaining. Often, the terms of a contract will be detailed expressly in a single written document. However, it is also possible to incorporate terms into an offer by\u00a0reference\u00a0or through a\u00a0course of dealing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Acceptance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Acceptance is the\u00a0final and unqualified assent to an offer. In order to finalise a contract, the offeree must communicate their acceptance to the offeror while the offer is open for acceptance. A late acceptance will not only be ineffective, but it may amount to a new offer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The default length of time that a party has to accept an offer is a \u2018reasonable period of time\u2019. However, it is best practice to include a time limit within an offer which states that after a specified date or period of time has passed, the offer is no longer open for acceptance. This avoids any uncertainty over what constitutes a reasonable period of time.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Offers will also cease to remain open for acceptance:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If the offeror communicates their withdrawal of the offer to the offeree;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If there is a failure of a condition precedent;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Upon the death or incapacity of the offeror; or<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If the offer is rejected. Once an offer has been rejected it is considered to be terminated, meaning the offeree cannot subsequently change their mind and accept the offer at a later date.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Acceptance becomes effective when it is communicated to the offeror. The moment at which this happens depends on the mode of communication used by the accepting party: written acceptance or acceptance by conduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Written acceptance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If a party decides to communicate their acceptance via a posted letter, the postal acceptance rule will dictate if and when that acceptance becomes effective. Under this rule acceptance is deemed to be effective at the point at which the letter is posted, provided that the letter has a stamp and is addressed correctly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It may more appropriate to communicate acceptance via email, particularly if parties have an ongoing relationship in which email is the primary mode of communication. Acceptance by email will usually take effect immediately.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Acceptance by conduct<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Although it is preferable for acceptance to be expressly communicated to the offeror, it can be inferred from a party\u2019s conduct. To avoid confusion over whether an offer has been validly accepted, it is best practice to specify a particular form or method of acceptance in an offer. Clarity on these elements, as well as the substantive terms of the contract, will help parties to identify their obligations under the contract and when these become enforceable. This should mitigate the risk of disputes further down the line.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ensuring a Clear and Comprehensive Written Contract<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/works\/preventive-proactive-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention<\/a> is always better than dealing with the consequences later! To effectively avert potential contractual disputes, it is crucial to establish a well-crafted contract right from the start.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Having a written contract in place that accurately captures the agreed-upon terms between the parties provides the highest level of protection for everyone involved. Unfortunately, many businesses engage in contractual arrangements with either no documentation or only partial terms recorded. Such arrangements carry elevated risks and uncertainties. In case the relationship sours, there may be vastly different accounts of what was originally agreed upon, making it challenging to reconstruct the details from contemporaneous evidence or witness recollections. Consequently, resolving disputes can become significantly more difficult when the terms of the agreement are not documented.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A written contract that explicitly outlines the terms of the agreed deal plays a crucial role in risk management and safeguarding business assets. At a minimum, the contract should cover:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the expected levels of performance and quality;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the agreed-upon timescales; and<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the payment terms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Additionally, a well-drafted contract should also establish a clear process for resolving disputes if they arise (including provisions for governing law and jurisdiction).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Early Warning Signs<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">There are often early indicators that may raise concerns about a contract&#8217;s smooth execution. These indicators will vary depending on the nature of the contract, but some common warning signs include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Breakdown in Communication<\/strong>: When a party becomes unresponsive to emails, calls, or fails to provide essential documents, and misses deadlines, it could signal potential issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Increased Formality and Frequent Contract Citation<\/strong>: If a party starts excessively referring to contract clauses, it could be a warning sign of impending problems, though not definitive evidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Delays in Delivery or Payment<\/strong>: Regular late deliveries or payments are often a clear signal that trouble is brewing and should not be ignored.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>High Turnover in Senior Management<\/strong>: A significant number of personnel changes at senior board or management levels within the contracting party may indicate internal difficulties that could impact the contract&#8217;s performance. Similarly, excessive departures from the organization can be a concerning sign.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Being vigilant about these early indicators can help you address potential contract issues before they escalate into major disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Effective Communication<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Words alone are not enough! <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maintaining open lines of communication can often prevent significant legal expenses down the road. Many disputes stem from misunderstandings, so it is crucial to communicate the issues clearly that you believe are in dispute and propose potential solutions. Equally important is to attentively listen to the other party&#8217;s response and be open to finding compromises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">To support your position, keep detailed records of all discussions and decision-making processes so that you have solid evidence if needed in the future. When attempting to resolve a dispute, especially if concessions or compromises are being made, ensure that all conversations, meetings, and communications (including emails and other electronic messages) are expressly stated and understood to be &#8220;without prejudice&#8221; unless a formal settlement is achieved. This &#8220;without prejudice&#8221; approach helps protect your interests until a final resolution is reached.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Exercise Caution and Understand Your Position<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">While swift action may sometimes be necessary, rushing into decisions can lead to unnecessary escalation of disputes, especially when emotions are involved. It is crucial to maintain objectivity and distance yourself from emotions. Take the time to assess the situation thoroughly, considering all obligations, liabilities, and potential consequences before taking any steps. For instance, understanding the contractual limitations on liability is vital, as they can significantly impact the outcome of any claim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In the heat of the moment, avoid impulsively terminating the contract or accusing the other party of breach solely out of frustration. Immediate termination should be justified in rare circumstances, as wrongful termination may result in substantial financial penalties, even if you were not at fault initially. It is essential to establish whether a breach has genuinely occurred and, if so, how severe it is before taking action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">However, do not procrastinate excessively, as ignoring issues may lead to further escalation. If urgent steps are required, take them, but ensure a comprehensive assessment of the situation first.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If you possess the right to terminate the contract, delaying this decision could lead to losing that right. Likewise, there may be situations where immediate measures are necessary to protect your business, such as notifying insurers, suspending payments, or halting goods or services provision. Involving legal advisors at this stage can help reduce the risk of taking fatal steps that could prove costly for the contract&#8217;s outcome.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Document Preservation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It is of utmost importance to preserve all relevant documents from the beginning and suspend any standard document\/data destruction procedures while resolving a dispute. This precaution ensures that potentially critical documents are not lost due to routine destruction, which could be part of a party&#8217;s disclosure obligations under the Civil Procedure Rules if the dispute remains unresolved and progresses to litigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When a dispute arises, it is wise to promptly organize all pertinent paperwork. Gather copies of the contract, any variations, agreed amendments, annexures, and significant correspondence related to the dispute. Having this comprehensive information readily available will facilitate internal discussions, communication with legal advisors, decision-makers, and, importantly, with the involved parties in the dispute.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Privilege Considerations<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Throughout the dispute&#8217;s duration, written and oral communications must be handled carefully to protect your legal position.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Correspondence with legal advisors that is relevant to the dispute will be protected by privilege and generally not required to be disclosed to the opposing party. To maintain privilege, caution must be exercised to retain the confidentiality and not distribute such communications too widely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Internal communications may not enjoy privilege protection, necessitating limitations on internal discussions and discouraging written communication concerning the dispute. Legal advisors can offer guidance on how to safeguard and manage privilege appropriately.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Comply with Contractual Dispute Resolution Requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The first step is to verify whether the contract contains a dispute resolution (DR) clause. This clause outlines the necessary steps the parties must take to resolve any disputes before resorting to a more formal process and specifies the forum to be utilized if informal negotiations do not succeed. Early identification of the potential route for dispute resolution, whether it be court litigation, arbitration, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkeymediationcentre.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mediation<\/a>, or expert determination, is crucial as it impacts the approach, potential costs, and enforcement outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If the contract includes an escalating DR clause, it will typically outline the sequential steps that must be followed to resolve the dispute before initiating formal legal proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Adhering to the DR clause is of utmost importance. Failure to do so might hinder your ability to bring a claim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In situations where there is no DR clause, or it does not mandate a specific DR process, parties can still agree on an informal and non-binding resolution process before considering court action. Non-binding DR processes offer flexibility, are generally cost-effective, and can lead to swift resolutions. In fact, courts expect parties to attempt dispute resolution without resorting to litigation initially, though careful consideration should be given to agreeing on a formal mechanism once a dispute has commenced.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ensure Compliance with Pre-Action Protocols<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Before making a final decision to initiate legal proceedings, it is essential to ensure that any relevant pre-action protocols are followed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Under the Civil Procedure Rules, parties involved in most disputes are obligated to complete the steps outlined in the relevant pre-action protocols before commencing formal legal proceedings. These protocols serve several purposes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Facilitate the early and comprehensive exchange of information about the prospective claim.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Encourage parties to explore settlement options before initiating litigation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Support efficient case management when litigation is unavoidable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Following pre-action protocols provides a final opportunity for reaching an amicable settlement. Not only does it mandate the exchange of information about the dispute, but it also signals to the opposing party that you are serious about pursuing a claim, potentially prompting them to engage more constructively in negotiation and settlement discussions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Don&#8217;t Overlook Limitation Periods!<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Once a dispute arises, it is crucial to consider the limitation period &#8211; the timeframe within which a claim must be brought. Missing the limitation deadline can result in the inability to file a claim, even if the prospects of success are strong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In Turkey, the primary statutory limitation period for claims arising from a breach of a simple contract (not a deed) is generally one year. However, some situations may have longer limitation periods (e.g., contracts involving a deed), while others may have shorter ones. Certain contracts might even specify a contractual timescale for bringing a claim, which could be less than the one year provided for by law. Seeking legal advice on the dispute and related key issues at an early stage is advisable to avoid potential limitations and ensure proper handling of the matter.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Seek Legal Advice<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Seeking legal advice from an external legal experts at an early stage is highly beneficial. Additionally, involving lawyers at other key stages can prove invaluable:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>During Contract Drafting<\/strong>: Lawyers can ensure that the contract clearly reflects the agreed-upon terms, including essential provisions, obligations, liabilities, and timescales. They can also ensure proper incorporation of dispute resolution clauses, as well as provisions concerning termination and damages.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>When a Dispute Arises<\/strong>: Undertaking a legal analysis helps ascertain the extent of the dispute and offers an independent perspective on the breakdown of the relationship and potential resolutions. Dealing with disputes can be time-consuming, and legal advisers can provide valuable support, proving to be more cost-effective in the long run and adding impartiality to the process.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>During Settlement Negotiations<\/strong>: Involving lawyers can help assess the seriousness of the situation and ensure that all aspects of the dispute are addressed in any potential settlement. Having external legal advisers participate in formal settlement discussions, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/mediation-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mediation<\/a>, can emphasize the dispute&#8217;s significance to the business. They can also assist in preparing opening statements, position papers, and strategies for mediation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>When Legal Proceedings Are Likely<\/strong>: Legal advisers can ensure compliance with court rules and protocols, meeting all deadlines. They are well-equipped to draft claims, defenses, and other court documents or instruct counsel to do so.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Adapting Your Approach<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Given that defendants tend to fare worse than claimants in disputes, adopting a proactive stance in dispute management and avoidance is crucial. The top ten tips provided offer guidance on evaluating your current approach to contracts and effectively managing supplier relationships. For further insights into alternative conflict resolution approaches, please<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/contact\/legal-services-points\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> contact us<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Embrace a proactive stance with Bicak. Our strategic counsel enhances supplier relationships, reduces costs, and empowers your business to thrive. Let our expertise take you to the forefront of dispute avoidance and effective resolution. Trust Bicak to protect your interests and secure your business&#8217;s success.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frequent occurrences of contractual disputes can pose significant challenges to business operations, impacting finances, reputation, and growth prospects. To minimize risks, the primary focus should be on preventing such disputes. In this article, we offer valuable advice on resolving conflicts amicably, ideally without resorting to litigation, or better yet, proactively avoiding their emergence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":26389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,160],"tags":[7491,6487,1691,6510,756,6163,5354,6488,6495,6491,6504,6484,6485,6506,6493,6482,6512,5362,6497,6500,6481,6498,7488,6508,6502,1225,6507,6505,6496,6503,6480,6486,3795,6499,7489,6489,6479,6501,6511,6492,6490,6509,6494,6513,6483,7490],"class_list":["post-26387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en","category-insights","tag-acceptance-by-conduct-in-turkey","tag-alternative-courses-of-action-turkey","tag-business-contract-lawyer-in-turkey","tag-claimant-outcomes-turkey","tag-commercial-contracts","tag-contract-drafting-turkey","tag-contracts-lawyer-turkey","tag-contractual-disputes-turkey","tag-contractual-obligations-turkey","tag-court-proceedings-turkey","tag-court-rules-turkey","tag-damages-contract-turkey","tag-dispute-analysis-contract-turkey","tag-dispute-avoidance-strategies-turkey","tag-dispute-management-turkey","tag-dispute-resolution-clauses-lawyer","tag-dispute-resolution-process-turkey","tag-drafting-contract-turkey","tag-early-dispute-indicators-turkey","tag-early-settlement-attempts-turkey","tag-english-speaking-contract-lawyer-turkey","tag-formal-forum-selection-turkey","tag-formation-of-a-contract-in-turkey","tag-impartiality-in-dispute-resolution-turkey","tag-internal-communications-turkey","tag-legal-advice-turkey","tag-legal-counsel-involvement-turkey","tag-legal-documents-preparation-turkey","tag-liability-assessment-turkey","tag-limitation-deadline-turkey","tag-managing-contractual-disputes-in-turkey","tag-managing-successful-supplier-relationships","tag-mediation-turkey","tag-non-binding-dispute-resolution-turkey","tag-offer-acceptance-in-turkey","tag-pre-action-protocols-turkey","tag-preventing-contractual-disputes-in-turkey","tag-privilege-protection-turkey","tag-proactive-contract-management-turkey","tag-proactive-stance-turkey","tag-settlement-negotiations-turkey","tag-supplier-dispute-management-turkey","tag-supplier-relationship-management-turkey","tag-supplier-relationship-optimization-turkey","tag-termination-contract-turkey","tag-written-acceptance-in-turkey"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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