{"id":24125,"date":"2022-05-01T15:57:17","date_gmt":"2022-05-01T12:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=24125"},"modified":"2023-01-29T13:35:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-29T10:35:53","slug":"imposing-and-lifting-asset-freeze-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/imposing-and-lifting-asset-freeze-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Imposing and Lifting Asset Freeze in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Asset freezing of individuals is a sanction aimed at depriving criminal organisations of their economic resources. This sanction aim at individuals rather than states. The logic behind this sanction is that it is not merely sufficient to imprison the perpetrators in international criminal organisations, since their wealth can indirectly contribute to the thriving of the organisation and the recruitment of new members. Thus, the freezing of assets aims at forbidding targeted individuals from disposing of their economic resources as a preventive measure. As a consequence of asset freezing, they will be deprived from the necessary means to perform their criminal activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Freeze Means<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The term freeze means \u201c<em>to prohibit the transfer, conversion, disposition or movement of funds or other assets<\/em>\u201d (S\/RES\/1267(1999) UN Security Council Resolution). One should differentiate the concept of \u201casset freezing\u201d from \u201casset confiscation\u201d. Confiscation implies that a sentence has been passed by a court whereas the freezing of assets is a preventive measure. The two processes are closely linked, as confiscation is supposed to be the outcome of an asset freezing measure, the same way imprisonment is linked to pre-trial detention and arrest. As it is obvious from its definition, asset freezing represents a true threat to fundamental rights and especially property rights and the free movement of goods.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Administrative and Judicial Asset Freezing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Two different procedures can be distinguished in the area of asset freezing in Turkey. Firstly, an \u201cadministrative\u201d procedure, which consists mainly in issuing black lists, was first set up by the Security Council of the UN and was then implemented both at the European and domestic level. Secondly, a \u201cjudicial\u201d procedure, specific to Turkey, which does not specifically target terrorism but several offences including terrorism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Administrative and judicial procedures coexist in Turkish domestic level, raising different issues. The \u201cadministrative\u201d procedure is more political and involves primarily the state and the government, whereas the \u201cjudicial\u201d procedure is built around judicial authorities (judges and prosecutors). Both of these procedures constitute preventive measures taken prior to any decision being issued by a court or a tribunal, and as such, they call into question a crucial concept in criminal law, the presumption of innocence. Moreover, as can be deduced from the definition of asset freezing, these measures are inclined to infringe upon property rights.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Asset Freezing in Administrative Procedures: Blacklisting<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Administrative asset freezing decisions may be taken at several levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>International Level<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations Article 39 of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter authorises the Security Council of the United Nations (UNSC) to acknowledge the existence of any threat to peace, breach of peace, or act of aggression. When such a threat is thus defined, the UNSC shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken to maintain or restore international security.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Terrorism falls within the scope of a threat as defined by Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Therefore, a global strategy in the fight against the financing of terrorism has been developed progressively. To this extent, Resolution 1267 dated October 15 1999 implemented sanctions against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. One of the sanctions consisted in the freezing of assets and financial resources, directly or indirectly controlled by the Taliban (i.e. funds, goods or properties belonging to or controlled by them). Resolution 1267 also created a Committee to establish a United Nations&#8217; Blacklist at the request of the UNSC. Originally named Committee 1267, its title has been forever changing through numerous resolutions defining its scope of action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The individuals appearing on the list are subject to asset freezing and travel bans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The procedure for registration on the UN Blacklist has been progressively consolidated. It now consists in the implementation by states of a procedure sovereignly elaborated by them, through which they submit names to the UNSC Committee. A criminal conviction or a criminal prosecution are not necessary to justify the submission of a name to the Committee. However, states have to gather the elements of proof of association with a terrorist group. To this extent, states are invited to present a memorandum to identify precisely the individuals (in order to prevent possible confusion with homonyms).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Committee then establishes a set of criteria guiding its decision to put a name on a list. The decision is taken by a consensus of its 15 members.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Resolution 1333 of 2000 later extended the scope of these sanctions to Usama Bin Laden, Al Qaeda, and any natural or legal person suspected of taking part in their terrorist activities. States have to take measures in order to give full effect to the blacklist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In the wake of the 9\/11 attacks, resolution 1373 of September 28 2001 called upon states to implement concerted actions in order to prevent financial assistance, or any type of assistance, to terrorists. The UNSC asked each state to establish its own blacklist of organisations and persons depicted as \u201c<em>terrorist<\/em>\u201d. States should also &#8220;<em>criminalize the wilful provision or collection (\u2026) of funds by their nationals or in their territories with the intention that the funds should be used (\u2026) in order to carry out terrorist acts<\/em>.&#8221; Such measures were also extended to Daesh, also known as ISIL, by Resolution 2253 of December 17 2015. This legal framework has led to the creation of European anti-terrorist lists.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Regional Level: The Anti-terrorist Lists of the European Union<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">There are two different types of European lists: lists implementing UN Resolutions and autonomous European lists. Even though these two types refer to numerous different lists (due to their update and the many annexes needed for their implementation), the interests of clarity require referral to the two types as two lists.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>The Lists Implementing UN Resolutions <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Council of the European Union has adopted several measures in order to comply with Resolution 1333 and the subsequent resolutions of the UNSC. Amongst these measures, Common Position 2002\/402 CFSP and European regulation 881\/2002, implement some of these sanctions including the freezing of assets against individuals identified on the UN blacklist, i.e. individuals linked to Usama Bin Laden, Al Qaeda, and to the Taliban.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The European Commission has been given the power to execute and follow up those sanctions. In fact, the Commission has the capacity to update the list, on the basis of information given either by the UNSC or the 1267 Committee. It is also possible for the Commission to change annex II of the list, dedicated to national authorities competent to implement these sanctions. This list is a simple transcription of the UN lists.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>The Autonomous EU Lists <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In the aftermath of the 9\/11 attacks, the Council of the European Union, following the wishes exposed in Resolution 1373(2001), adopted a common position 2001\/930 CFSP of December 27 2001. In that position, &#8220;<em>the direct or indirect provision of funds aimed at perpetrating terrorist acts<\/em>\u201d was criminalised.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A second common position 2001\/931 sets up a European procedure to put an individual on a blacklist and update it. The European Commission is in charge of executing the order to freeze the assets and economic resources of the individuals mentioned on the list. It has to be noted that the action of the European Commission in this matter has to fall under its scope of action as defined by the European Treaties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Council of the European Union, acting unanimously, is authorised by European regulation 2580\/2001 to establish, review and modify this list. Therefore, it is modified on a six-monthly basis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">These sanctions have been implemented on the basis of articles 60, 301 and 308. Since the Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, these measures have been drafted in article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFUE). Indeed, this article enables a decision adopted in virtue of chapter 2 title V of the Treaty on the European Union (TUE) to authorise the Council of the European Union to adopt restrictive measures towards natural or legal persons, groups or non-state actors. Moreover, it acknowledges that the dispositions thus taken carry all necessary judicial guarantees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Since 2009, the procedure through which states place names on the autonomous European list falls under state cooperation as it is implemented by title VI of the TUE. Contrary to the UN procedure, the autonomous subscription procedure contains judicial guarantees. Indeed, decisions taken by competent authorities, meaning judicial authorities or authorities assimilated to the judiciary (i.e. authorities empowered to sanction) justify the addition of a name to the list. The judicial procedure is therefore needed both at the stage of criminal investigations, criminal prosecution and judicial sentencing regarding a terrorist act, the attempt to perform a terrorist act, or participation in a terrorist association, group or entity. Elements of proof must be of a serious and credible nature. Presence on the UN Blacklist is not an obstacle to registration on 8 Council of the European Union, Common Position of 27 December 2001 combating terrorism, 2001\/930\/CFSP 8 the autonomous European list. States must also expose the reasons justifying their subscription request. Such motivations are subject to control by the Common position 931\/2001 group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The most widely used type of EU sanction and of relevance to funds and financial service providers (FMCs) is the\u00a0asset\u00a0freeze. Notably, there are separate\u00a0asset\u00a0freeze\u00a0regulations for each sanctions regime and the EU maintains a consolidated list of persons subject to any EU\u00a0asset\u00a0freeze, i.e., where all funds and economic resources of the listed person that belong to, are owned, held or controlled by that person are required to be frozen. In addition, funds or economic resources, must not be made available directly or indirectly, to, or for the benefit of, the listed persons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In 2022, the EU has adopted four sanctions packages in response to the developing situation in Ukraine (2022 Sanctions Packages). Each of the 2022 Sanctions Packages includes one or more directly effective EU Regulations which introduce new, or amend existing (in place since 2014), EU sanctions regimes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The 2022 Sanctions Packages include several restrictive measures of relevance to funds and fund management companies (FMCs) including:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Extended Asset Freeze<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">These measures extend the\u00a0asset\u00a0freeze\u00a0imposed in 2014 in response to the situation in Crimea to include over 700 individuals including members of the Russian Government, businesspeople and oligarchs who financially or materially support the military operations in the Ukraine and 53 entities. The effect of these measures is to\u00a0freeze\u00a0the assets of the specified individuals and entities and prohibit the making of funds and economic resources available to them; and<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Extended Capital Markets Restrictions<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">These measures extend the restrictions on access to EU capital markets for certain financial institutions imposed in 2014 in response to the situation in Crimea and include\u00a0prohibitions on dealing in any newly issued transferable securities and money market instruments\u00a0issued by 23 specified entities and any entity majority owned or acting on behalf or at the direction of one of the specified entities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">EU sanctions also target specific sectors in certain countries, e.g., sanctions restricting access to the EU\u2019s capital markets for certain Russian state-owned banks and companies active in the energy and defence sectors, and their non-EU subsidiaries and any other entity (EU or non-EU) acting on their behalf or at their direction. Importantly, these sanctions prohibit dealings, directly or indirectly, with transferable securities and money market instruments issued by these targeted entities, and making, or being part of any arrangement to make, certain new loans or credit to these entities or to materially amend existing loans or credit.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Application of EU Sanctions<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">EU sanctions are applicable when there is EU jurisdiction (i.e., a nexus linking a certain activity to the EU). As such EU Member State nationals and companies or other entities incorporated in an EU Member State must comply with EU sanctions. Non-EU companies and persons may also be subject to EU sanctions depending on their activities in the EU and their connection to any activities restricted by sanctions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Failure to comply with EU sanctions can expose companies and individuals to fines and\/or imprisonment. Fund Management Companies (FMCs) must, therefore, carefully consider and screen investors, investments, counterparties and their ultimate beneficial owners against applicable sanctions lists to establish that they are not under sanction.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>National Level: Administrative Measures <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">At Turkish national level, it is also possible to take measures to freeze the assets of an individual. Asset freezing measures in Turkey can be taken by national administrative authorities. The Turkish Statute numbered 6415 on Prevention of the Financing of Terrorism allows the Turkish Minister of the Economy and the Turkish Minister of the Interior, to jointly decide on the implementation of an asset freezing measure. These measures apply either to persons who tried to commit or aid and abet terrorist acts, or to persons, who, due to their positions, had the possibility to commit those acts without the need to prove that they actually did.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Law numbered 6415 has been issued under the scope of an effectively combat against terrorism and the financing of terrorism for the purpose of establishing principles and procedures regarding the implementation of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and anti-terror and CFT-related decisions of UNSC, regulating the TF offence, and freezing of assets for the prevention of TF. The Regulation on Principles and Procedures of the Implementation of the Law on the Prevention of the Financing of Terrorism and MASAK General Communiqu\u00e9 12 were prepared for demonstrating the implementation of this Law. Under the mentioned legal framework and in accordance with articles 5 and 6 of the Law 6415, assets of individuals, entities or organisations may be frozen based on the requests of foreign countries depending on UNSC Resolution 1267 or 1373.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Turkish Ministry of Treasury and Finance froze the assets of over 770 individuals and organizations in 24\u2019th December 2021 on the grounds that they were providing terrorist financing, according to a ruling published in Turkey\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2021\/12\/20211224-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official Gazette<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The decision was made under the\u00a0authority of law <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6415&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6415<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">for the prevention of financing terrorism. The individuals and organizations are accused on the existence of reasonable grounds that they have committed the offense of collecting or providing funds to finance terrorism. Those whose assets have been frozen can appeal the decision to the Ankara Heavy Penal Court.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>National Level: Judicial Asset Freezing <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In Turkish law, decision on seizure of any assets can only be taken by a judge, and in case where delay is prejudicial, by the Public Prosecutor temporarily. A seizure decision taken by the Public Prosecutor must be approved by a judge within 24 hours. Search in the Turkish law is performed in accordance with article 116 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The procedure for seizure of assets is regulated under articles 127 and 128 of the Criminal Procedure Code. For seizure of immovable within the framework of article 128 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the offence must be contained in the offence types stated in this article. Some immovable and particularly vehicles may be annotated by the Public Prosecutor as nonsalable and non-transferable. In Turkish law, finalised conviction judgment is sought for confiscation. Except for the articles that constitute offence in themselves, confiscation is not possible without finalised conviction judgment. Confiscation is executed according to articles 54 and 55 of the Turkish Criminal Code and provisions in the special laws.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In order to seek the restraint, seizure and forfeiture\/confiscation of criminal proceeds from Turkey, the following steps should be followed:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Identification of the Asset <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The first step is to identify the assets with relevant information such as name, type and holder of assets including companies, businesses, trust and family members.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In order to seize movables and immovable in the Turkish law, it is necessary for the assets requested to be seized to be determined initially. Next, there should be concrete evidence indicating that such assets are acquired from the offence subject to the investigation. An investigation is commenced if the Public Prosecutor is satisfied of existence of sufficient evidence upon the notification of institutions like Department of Anti-Smuggling and Organised Crimes of the Security General Directorate of the Ministry of Interior that was established particularly to investigate financial offences and Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) in line with the evidence they obtain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Within the scope of the investigation in question, the Public Prosecutor may request a decision from the court requesting seizure of the assets considered to be acquired from offence. The entire process depends on the commencement of an investigation by the Public Prosecutor. The Public Prosecutor may request, within the scope of the investigation, information and documents from all public and private institutions regarding assets. Not providing these information and documents constitutes offence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) in Turkey accesses the relevant information before commencement of an investigation. MASAK can obtain information not only from banks regarding money flow but also from many institutions in which assets like Title Deeds registries or Stock Exchange Market equity securities are registered. MASAK can preserve this information in an information pool created by it. After obtaining this information, MASAK must apply to the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office for execution of seizure proceedings. MASAK can also obtain information from relevant countries through bilateral agreements and Memorandum of Understanding it concluded with other countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>International Judicial Cooperation in Asset Freezing<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Apart from this administrative procedure, the judicial authorities of each States have been given the means to implement international asset freezing measures, in order to prevent cross-border organised crime (and not only terrorism).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">International asset freezing was possible for a long time. The mutual assistance system consists in the sending of criminal assistance requests between judicial authorities. Indeed, several standards have been implemented since 1959 within the Council of Europe. More particularly, as regards asset freezing requests, the 1990 Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds of Crime stated that &#8220;<em>at the request of another Party which has instituted criminal proceedings or proceedings for the purpose of confiscation, a Party shall take the necessary provisional measures, such as freezing or seizing, to prevent any dealing in, transfer or disposal of property which, at a later stage, may be the subject of a request for confiscation or which might be such as to satisfy the request<\/em>&#8221; (art. 11).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mutual Legal Assistances regarding detection, seizure and confiscation of assets are executed in Turkey within the framework of multilateral conventions like European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime, United Nations Convention against Corruption and bilateral agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In the judicial assistance requests regarding seizure and confiscation, Turkey seeks that the offence indicated in the request is in compliance with the dual criminality principle in terms of both countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The assets seized as a result of the legal assistance, requested to be confiscated according to the foreign court decision are returned in line with the negotiations to be carried out with the requesting country if the matter of return of the assets has already been stated in the letter of request.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Central Agency \/ Authority for the international request of freezing assets in Turkey is the General Directorate of International Law and Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Protection of Fundamental Rights<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The system currently in place regarding the freezing of assets does not give satisfaction as far as the protection of human rights and freedoms is concerned. It is important to guarantee a sufficient protection of fundamental rights. In the case of the freezing of assets, the scales are clearly tipped in favour of efficiency. The comparison between judicial and administrative freezing of assets shows a degree of difference in protecting individual rights. Whereas individuals facing the judicial freezing of assets are protected by the guarantees provided in judicial procedures, the ones being targeted by administrative sanctions are denied the same protection.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Lifting the freezing of assets<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Article 14 (6) of the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles regarding the Implementation of Law on the Prevention of the Financing of Terrorism contains the following provision: \u201c<em>The lifting asset freezere request related to misapplied asset-freezing decisions of Presidency due to name similarity, false or missing identity information and similar grounds shall be made to MASAK in writing with the justification by annexing relevant documents, if any. In cases where MASAK approves the request, lifting asset freze shall be applied by notifying institutions and organizations, and natural and legal persons stated in this Article without delay.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Also, within this scope, The MASAK General Communique (No:12) contains the following provision: \u201c<em>2.5. Uncertain Situations in Execution of Freezing Action On the other hand, if the person whose assets are frozen claims that she\/he is not the person listed by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution, and an erroneous freezing action has been taken due to name resemblance, incorrect or deficient identity information and similar reasons, the objection should be made to MASAK in writing together with its grounds and by adding relevant documents, if any. If MASAK approves, the situation shall be informed to liable parties immediately and the erroneous freezing action shall be corrected<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Contact an Asset Freezing Defence Lawyer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The freezing of assets is a serious step. It requires the right strategy as well as intelligent legal argument and decisive action in order to secure the right outcome. We understand that the loss of access to funds can be highly disruptive and, in some cases catastrophic &#8211; financially as well as reputationally. Yet we recognise that the need for swift action should be tempered by a careful and considered strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If you have would like to discuss any of the issues mentioned above, feel free to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact<\/a> one of our specialist asset freezing and forfeiture lawyers.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An asset freezing can paralyze both your business and personal operations. As much as the order might limit your right of usage and access to your assets, you still have legal rights, which you can exercise. The responsibility to freeze an asset subject to targeted financial sanctions rests with the person or entity that holds the asset, for example the financial institution that holds the funds of a designated person or entity. If you consider that an asset that you directly or indirectly own or control has been frozen in error, you should contact the lawyer experienced lifting on asset freeze in the first instance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[25,160],"tags":[1413,1978,1411,1975,2004,2005,1987,1995,2003,1421,1969,1999,1419,1991,1972,1417,1971,1973,1980,1989,1977,1984,1986,2000,2001,1997,1415,1994,1414,1990,1412,1976,1974,1418,1028,1416,1985,1988,1996,2002,1983,1979,1992,1982,1030,1998,1993,1420,1981,1970],"class_list":["post-24125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-en","category-insights","tag-administrative-asset-freeze","tag-asset-forfeiture-turkey","tag-asset-freeze-turkey","tag-asset-freezing-order-turkey","tag-asset-protection-attorney-turkey","tag-asset-protection-lawyer-turkey","tag-asset-seizures-turkey","tag-asset-tracing-lawyer-turkey","tag-avoiding-forfeiture-turkey","tag-blacklist-turkey","tag-blocking-of-bank-accounts-turkey","tag-cash-seizure-turkey","tag-confiscation","tag-contest-the-seizure-of-its-assets","tag-enforcement-of-international-sanctions-turkey","tag-financial-crimes-investigation-board-turkey","tag-freezing-of-economic-resources-turkey","tag-freezing-order-turkey","tag-frozen-bank-account","tag-frozen-central-bank-assets","tag-frozen-electronic-funds-transfer","tag-frozen-russian-assets","tag-frozen-russian-central-bank-assets","tag-get-your-money-back-turkey","tag-get-your-property-back-turkey","tag-illicit-finance-turkey","tag-imprising-asset-freeze","tag-intangible-assests-turkey","tag-judicial-asset-freeze","tag-legal-problem-of-oligarch-assets","tag-lifting-asset-freeze-turkey","tag-lifting-of-asset-freeze-turkey","tag-mareva-injunction-turkey","tag-masak-turkey","tag-money-laundering-turkey","tag-movement-of-funds-turkey","tag-oligarch-assets-turkey","tag-oligarch-property-turkey","tag-proceeds-of-crime-turkey","tag-recovering-seized-assets-turkey","tag-release-a-frozen-bank-account-turkey","tag-restrained-bank-account-turkey","tag-right-to-own-property-turkey","tag-rozen-account-to-be-released-turkey","tag-sanctions-turkey","tag-suspected-proceeds-of-crime-turkey","tag-tangible-assests-turkey","tag-terrorist-financing","tag-unfreeze-your-bank-account-turkey","tag-united-nations-security-council"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Imposing and Lifting Asset Freeze in Turkey | B\u0131\u00e7ak Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"lifting asset freezing Turkey avoiding forfeiture proceeds of crime Unfreeze Bank Account lawyer attorney advocate barrister solicitor Turkish\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/imposing-and-lifting-asset-freeze-in-turkey\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Imposing and Lifting Asset Freeze in Turkey %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An asset freezing can paralyze both your business and personal operations. As much as the order might limit your right of usage and access to your assets, you still have legal rights, which you can exercise. The responsibility to freeze an asset subject to targeted financial sanctions rests with the person or entity that holds the asset, for example the financial institution that holds the funds of a designated person or entity. 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