{"id":23240,"date":"2021-05-03T13:59:22","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T10:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=23240"},"modified":"2022-02-20T23:32:44","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T20:32:44","slug":"legal-representation-on-anti-competition-investigations-in-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/legal-representation-on-anti-competition-investigations-in-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti Competition Investigations in Turkey"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Representing corporations, business associations, investment banks, partnerships and individuals in a wide variety of competition law matters in Turkey. Collaborating with international law firms on Turkish competition law matters. Providing international and domestic clients with all types of legal services concerning competition law issues, including litigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defending companies before the Competition Board in all phases of an antitrust investigation. Representing defendants and complainants in complex antitrust investigations concerning all forms of abuse of dominant position allegations and all other forms of restrictive horizontal and vertical arrangements, including price-fixing, resale price maintenance, refusal to supply, territorial restrictions and concerted practice allegations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Market Economy &amp;Antitrust laws <\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Antitrust laws are considered to be the main components of market economy which requires a strong and solid legal framework. The Article 167 of the Turkish Constitution dated 1982 obliges the government to prevent cartelization and monopolization in the economy. The main legal source of the Turkish Competition Law is the Protection of Competition Act numbered 4054 which is entered into force on 13 December 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Authority has been established in 1997 as the main enforcement body equipped with investigative, executive as well as rule-making powers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amendments<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Protection of Competition Act numbered 4054 has been subjected to several amendments which mainly aimed at strengthening and rationalizing the operational efficiency of the Competition Authority and the enforcement system. The recent 2020 amendment has introduced important innovations such as \u201c<em>deminimis<\/em> analysis\u201d, \u201cstructural remedies\u201d, \u201ccommitment\u201d and \u201csettlement\u201dmechanisms\u201d which are implemented already in the EU Competition Law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Amending Law provides the following noteworthy changes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">implementation of the commitment mechanism within preliminary and full-fledged investigations, which do not involve severe and hardcore infringements,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the opportunity for adopting settlement procedure for full-fledged investigations,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">introducing the test of \u201csignificant impediment of effective competition\u201d for merger control analyses in addition to the \u201ccreation\/strengthening a dominant position\u201d criterion,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">the introduction of\u00a0de minimis\u00a0practice into the Turkish competition law,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">clarification of the individual exemption regime&#8217;s wording, so that the principle rule is indeed self-assessment of undertakings; whereas undertakings may prefer to file an exemption application for the Competition Board&#8217;s evaluation,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">prioritizing behavioral measures over structural measures, within remedies to be imposed to undertakings for competition violations, and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">providing a legal basis for the Competition Authority (\u201cAuthority\u201d) for obtaining copies of computers and information systems of undertakings, which the Authority, indeed, applies in practice during on-site inspections.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pre-investigation<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board decides to conduct a pre-investigation if it finds the notice or complaint to be serious. At this preliminary stage, unless there is a dawn raid (unannounced on-site inspection), the undertakings concerned are not notified that they are under investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Authority&#8217;s experts&#8217; preliminary report is submitted to the Competition Board within 30 days after a pre-investigation decision is taken. The Competition Board will then decide, within ten days from receipt of the preliminary report, whether to launch a formal investigation. If the Competition Board decides to initiate an investigation, it will send a notice to the undertakings concerned within 15 days.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Formal investigation<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The investigation must be completed within six months. If deemed necessary, the Competition Board can extend this period only once up to six months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The following are the main stages of the formal investigation:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The investigated undertakings have 30 calendar days from formal service of the notice to prepare and submit their first written defence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Subsequently, the Competition Authority issues its main investigation report.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Once the main investigation report is served on the defendants, they have 30 calendar days to respond, extendable for a further 30 days (second written defence).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The investigation committee then has 15 days to prepare an opinion concerning the second written defence, extendable for a further 15 days (additional opinion).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The defending parties have another 30 days to reply to the additional opinion, extendable for a further 30 days (second written defence) (third written defence).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When the parties&#8217; responses to the additional opinion are served on the Competition Authority, the investigation process will be completed (that is, the written phase of investigation involving claim\/defence exchange will close with the submission of the third written defence).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The investigated undertakings can voluntarily offer commitments during a preliminary investigation or a full investigation. As a result, the Competition Board can decide not to launch a full investigation or to end an ongoing investigation without completing the entire investigation procedure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board can initiate the settlement procedure which can only be offered in a full investigation. In this way, the investigated undertakings that admit an infringement can apply for the settlement procedure up to official service of the investigation report. If settled, the investigation will be closed with a final decision including the finding of a violation and an administrative monetary fine. If the investigation ends with a settlement, the administrative monetary fine can be reduced by up to 25%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Oral hearings<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An oral hearing can be held at the parties&#8217; request. The Competition Board can also decide to hold an oral hearing ex officio. Oral hearings are held within at least 30 and at most 60 days following the completion of the investigation process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board renders its final decision within either:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">15 calendar days from the hearing, if an oral hearing is held.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">30 calendar days from the completion of the investigation process, if no oral hearing is held.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It usually takes around six to eight months, from the announcement of the final decision, for the Competition Board to serve a reasoned decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, oral hearings can now be held by video conference if decided by the Competition Board.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Publicity and confidentiality<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The reasoned decisions of the Competition Board are published on the Competition Authority&#8217;s website after confidential business information is redacted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The main legislation regulating the protection of commercial information is Communiqu\u00e9 No. 2010\/3. Communiqu\u00e9 No. 2010\/3 places the burden of identifying and justifying information or documents as commercial secrets on the undertakings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board can evaluate information or documents\u00a0<em>ex officio<\/em>. However, the general rule is that information or documents that are not requested to be treated as confidential are accepted as not confidential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Undertakings must request confidentiality in writing from the Competition Board. They must justify their reasons for the confidential nature of the information or documents that they request to be treated as commercial secrets.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Investigating Potentially Restrictive Agreements or Practices<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Law gives the Competition Authority considerable authority to conduct dawn raids. A judicial authorisation must be obtained by the Competition Board only if the relevant undertaking refuses to allow the dawn raid (in which case the undertaking will be subject to monetary fines).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Officials conducting a dawn raid must have a deed of authorisation from the Competition Board that specifies the subject matter and purpose of the investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Authority can also use formal information request letters when investigating potentially restrictive agreements or practices.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Reaching Settlements with Regulators<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amendments introduced a settlement mechanism into Article 43 of the Competition Law. This mechanism offers a new alternative to undertakings that are willing to admit their anti-competitive actions and obtain a reduction to their fines. Most importantly, the settlement procedure applies to all forms of violations and is not confined to cartels. Furthermore, unlike leniency applications, the undertakings are not required to submit additional evidence about the infringement to be able to reach a settlement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The settlement mechanism will enable the Competition Board,\u00a0ex officio\u00a0or on the parties&#8217; request, to initiate the settlement procedure. Settlement can only be requested or offered after the initiation of a full investigation. In this respect, parties that admit an infringement can apply for the settlement procedure up to the official service of the investigation report.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board will set a deadline for the submission of the settlement letter and, if settled, the investigation will be closed with a final decision including the finding of a violation and administrative monetary fine. If the investigation ends with a settlement, the Competition Board can reduce the administrative monetary fine by up to 25%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Where the investigation ends with a settlement, the parties are precluded from bringing an action for annulment before the administrative courts.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Accepting Remedies (commitments) from the Parties<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Another mechanism introduced in amendments to Article 43 of the Competition Law is the commitment procedure. This procedure allows undertakings, or an association of undertakings, to voluntarily offer commitments during a preliminary investigation or a full investigation to eliminate the Competition Board&#8217;s competitive concerns under Articles prohibiting restrictive agreements and abuse of dominance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Depending on the sufficiency and the timing of the commitments, the Competition Board can decide not to launch a full investigation, or to end an ongoing investigation without completing the entire procedure. However, commitments will not be accepted for clear and hardcore violations such as price fixing between competitors, territory or customer sharing and the restriction of supply.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board is expected to provide details of these new procedures through secondary legislation and can re-open an investigation if there is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A substantial change in any aspect of the basis of the decision.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Non-compliance with the commitments from the relevant undertakings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A decision based on deficient, incorrect or fallacious information provided by the parties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Penalties and enforcement<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The sanctions that can be imposed under the Competition Law are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/administrative-offences-and-proceedings-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administrative<\/a> in nature. Therefore, breaches of the Competition Law lead to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/administrative-offences-and-proceedings-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">administrative fines<\/a>, but not to criminal sanctions. However, there are circumstances where the matter is referred to a public prosecutor after the competition law investigation is complete. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bid-rigging activity can be subject to criminal prosecution under section 235 of the Criminal Code.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Illegal price manipulation can also carry up to two years&#8217; imprisonment and a civil monetary fine under section 237 of the Criminal Code.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Orders<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board is authorised to take all necessary measures to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Terminate the restrictive agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Remove all factual and legal consequences of every action that has been taken unlawfully.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Take all other necessary measures to restore the level of competition and status as before the infringement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">As an outcome of the amendments, Article 9 of the Competition Law grants the Competition Board the authority to order behavioural and structural remedies for anti-competitive conduct infringing:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Article 4, which prohibits restrictive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Article 6, which prohibits abuse of dominant position.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Article 7, which prohibits mergers and acquisitions that would result in a significant lessening of effective competition within a relevant market.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A structural remedy can come in the form of an order to divest certain activities, shareholdings or assets. A behavioural remedy can come as an order to engage in certain actions (for example, to grant access to a certain input) or to refrain from conducting certain practices (for example,\u00a0line of business restrictions). In any case, behavioural and structural remedies must be proportional to the violation and necessary to end the violation in an effective way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Competition Board is authorised to order structural remedies, if and only if it is understood that the behavioural remedies that had previously been ordered are inconclusive. Where the Competition Board determines with a final decision that the behavioural remedies proved to be inconclusive, undertakings or associations of undertakings will be granted at least six months to comply with structural remedies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Fines<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In the case of a proven cartel activity, the companies concerned are separately subject to fines of up to 10% of their Turkish turnover generated in the financial year preceding the date of the fining decision (if this is not calculable, the turnover generated in the financial year nearest to the date of the fining decision is taken into account).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Article 17 of the Law on Minor Offences requires the Competition Board to take a number of factors into consideration when determining the amount of the monetary fine. In line with this, the Competition Authority enacted the Regulation on Monetary Fines for Restrictive Agreements, Concerted Practices, Decisions and Abuses of Dominance (Regulation on Fines). The Regulation on Fines sets out detailed guidelines on the calculation of monetary fines applicable in the case of an anti-trust violation. The Regulation on Fines applies to both cartel activity and abuse of dominance, but does not cover illegal concentrations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Personal liability<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In a proven cartel activity, employees and managers of the undertakings, or association of undertakings, who had a determining effect on the creation of the violation, are also fined up to 5% of the fine imposed on the undertaking or association of undertakings. The Regulation on Fines also applies to managers or employees who had a determining effect on the violation and provides for certain reductions in their favour.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Immunity\/leniency<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The Leniency Regulation provides the main principles for the immunity and leniency programmes. The leniency programme is only available to cartel participants. It does not apply to other forms of anti-trust infringements. A cartel participant can apply for leniency until the investigation report is officially served. Depending on the application order, there may be total immunity from, or a reduction of, a fine. This immunity or reduction covers both the undertakings and their employees\/managers, with the exception of the ringleader, who can only benefit from a second-degree fine reduction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">That said, the Competition Board&#8217;s recent precedent indicates that a leniency applicant can enjoy total immunity from fines, even when the subject matter falls under another form of anti-trust violation (Syndicated Loans 11 November 2017, 17-39\/636-276).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Impact on agreements<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A restrictive agreement is deemed legally invalid and unenforceable, with all its legal consequences. Similarly, the Competition Board can take interim measures until the final resolution on the matter, if there is a possibility of serious and irreparable damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Right of Appeal against decision of the regulator<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Final decisions of the Competition Board, including its decisions on interim measures and fines, can be submitted to judicial review before the administrative courts by filing a lawsuit within 60 days of receipt by the concerned parties of the Competition Board&#8217;s reasoned decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Filing an administrative action does not automatically stay the execution of the Competition Board&#8217;s decision (Article 27, Administrative Procedural Law). However, on request from the claimant, the court, providing its justifications, can decide to stay the execution of the decision if it is likely to cause serious and irreparable damage and if the decision is highly likely to be against the law (that is, the showing of a prima facie case).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Third parties can challenge the Competition Board&#8217;s decision before the competent judicial tribunal, provided that they prove their legitimate, current and concrete interest (Ankara 7th Administrative Court (29 March 2018, 2018\/73 E; 2018\/652)).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Judicial Review<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The judicial review period before the administrative courts usually takes about 12 to 24 months. If the challenged decision is annulled in full or in part, the administrative court remands it to the Competition Board for review and reconsideration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">After the recent legislative changes to the Law on Establishment and Duties of Regional Administrative Courts, administrative litigation cases (and private litigation cases) are now subject to judicial review before the newly established regional courts. The amendments have created a three-level appellate court system consisting of administrative courts, regional courts and the Council of State (the Court of Appeals for private cases). The regional courts will:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Go through the case file both on procedural and substantive grounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Investigate the case file and render their decision considering the merits of the case.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The regional courts&#8217; decisions are considered as final in nature. The decision of the regional court is subject to the Council of State&#8217;s review in exceptional circumstances. In this case, the decision of the regional court is not considered as a final decision and the Council of State can decide to uphold or reverse it. If the decision is reversed by the Council of State, it will be remanded back to the deciding regional court, which will in turn issue a new decision taking into account the Council of State&#8217;s decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Representing corporations, business associations, investment banks, partnerships and individuals in a wide variety of competition law matters in Turkey. Collaborating with international law firms on Turkish competition law matters. Providing international and domestic clients with all types of legal services concerning competition law issues, including litigation. Defending companies before the Competition Board in all phases 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Uluslararas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal hukuka ili\u015fkin inceleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve tecr\u00fcbeye dayal\u0131 hukuk hizmetlerimizi sunarken teknolojinin imkan sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rsel (video konferans) veya i\u015fitsel (sesli konferans) ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin elverdi\u011fi t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131 kullanmaktay\u0131z. Dan\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131m\u0131z veya m\u00fcvekkillerimiz, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, b\u00f6lgemizin veya \u00fclkemizin neresinde olurlarsa olsunlar hizmetlerimizden uzaktan eri\u015fim yoluyla yararlanabilmektedir. Muhtemel ihtilaflar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek veya en aza indirmek gayesiyle m\u00fcvekkillerimize sundu\u011fumuz dinamik, etkili ve \u00f6nleyici dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetlerimizin yan\u0131nda, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde arabuluculuk, tahkim veya mahkemelerde dava takibi hizmetleri de sunmaktay\u0131z. Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131, do\u011fru bilgiye h\u0131zl\u0131 eri\u015fimdir. M\u00fcvekkil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 tam ve eksiksiz tan\u0131mlayarak y\u00fcksek standartlarda, kaliteli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f bulunuyoruz. 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