{"id":2321,"date":"2014-12-26T20:25:14","date_gmt":"2014-12-26T18:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/bicak-hukuk\/field-of-activities\/sektorler\/savunma-guvenlik-havacilik\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T15:43:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T12:43:44","slug":"defence-security-aviation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/sectors\/defence-security-aviation\/","title":{"rendered":"Defence &#038; Security &#038; Aviation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"16u67fl\" data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1280\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An Integrated Approach to Strategically Regulated Industries<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1685\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence, security, aerospace and aviation increasingly operate at the intersection of law, technology, international trade and national security. A commercial transaction may simultaneously raise questions concerning procurement rules, licensing, sanctions, export controls, cybersecurity, intellectual property, foreign investment, anti-corruption requirements and criminal or administrative liability. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak approaches these sectors accordingly. Rather than treating regulatory, transactional, compliance and dispute matters in isolation, the firm brings together experience in commercial law, international trade, criminal law and investigations, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, arbitration and litigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"oynm5j\" data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2061\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Entering T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Defence, Aerospace and Aviation Markets<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2063\" data-end=\"2420\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">International companies entering T\u00fcrkiye require a structure that reflects both their commercial objectives and the regulatory characteristics of the sector. B\u0131\u00e7ak assists with subsidiaries and branches, local partnerships, distributors and representatives, strategic alliances, joint ventures, acquisitions, investments and other market-entry arrangements. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm also advises on due diligence, corporate structuring, contractual allocation of responsibilities, regulatory approvals, localisation, compliance frameworks and relationships with Turkish counterparties. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For companies seeking longer-term cooperation with Turkish industry, the legal architecture of the relationship can be as important as the initial commercial opportunity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"fcby0z\" data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"2852\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence Procurement &amp; Government Contracts<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2854\" data-end=\"3243\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence procurement involves specialised contractual and regulatory considerations that distinguish it from ordinary commercial procurement. B\u0131\u00e7ak advises contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and technology companies on tender processes, government contracts, subcontracting, teaming arrangements, industrial participation, offsets, contract performance and procurement-related disputes. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm also assists with issues involving classified or sensitive information, security obligations, amendments, termination, liability and the interaction between public procurement requirements and private contractual relationships.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1d8mpn6\" data-start=\"3483\" data-end=\"3545\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">International Defence Partnerships &amp; Industrial Cooperation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3547\" data-end=\"3722\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">International defence projects increasingly involve joint development, co-production and long-term industrial relationships rather than conventional buyer-seller arrangements. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on strategic partnerships, joint ventures, consortium agreements, localisation, licensing, co-production, manufacturing arrangements, R&amp;D cooperation and international supply agreements. Particular attention is given to governance, allocation of risk, intellectual property, technology transfer, export-control responsibilities, confidentiality, compliance and dispute-resolution mechanisms. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">These issues are examined in greater detail in our analysis, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/legal-considerations-for-defence-partnerships\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4266\">Legal Considerations for International Defence Partnerships in T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1nv1e2k\" data-start=\"4269\" data-end=\"4327\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Sanctions, Export Controls &amp; Strategic Trade Compliance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4486\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Sanctions and export controls can determine whether a defence, aerospace or aviation transaction is legally possible, not merely how it should be documented. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on Turkish export-control requirements and the potential application of foreign regimes, including U.S. EAR and ITAR requirements and relevant EU and UK measures. The practice covers product and technology classification, licensing, end-user and end-use due diligence, restricted-party screening, ownership and control, re-export and retransfer restrictions, diversion risks and intermediary relationships. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm also assists with sanctions clauses, contractual allocation of export-control responsibilities, payment and banking restrictions, supply-chain screening and internal compliance reviews.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1pqzsu1\" data-start=\"5106\" data-end=\"5142\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence &amp; Aerospace Supply Chains<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5144\" data-end=\"5468\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Modern defence and aerospace programmes depend upon complex international supply chains extending far beyond prime contractors. Advanced materials, composites, specialist metals, electronics, semiconductors, sensors, software, inspection services, logistics and maintenance may all form part of the same regulated ecosystem. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak assists manufacturers, OEMs, suppliers and service providers with supplier due diligence, contractual controls, sanctions and export-control risks, traceability, confidentiality, quality obligations, customs and international trade issues, and supply-chain disruption.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1b58fat\" data-start=\"5746\" data-end=\"5812\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property &amp; Sensitive Know-How<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5814\" data-end=\"5948\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">International cooperation frequently requires the transfer or controlled sharing of technology and commercially sensitive information. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on licensing, technical assistance, R&amp;D and joint-development agreements, trade secrets, manufacturing know-how, software, source code and technical data. Agreements are structured to address background and foreground intellectual property, permitted use, confidentiality, access restrictions, export-control requirements and ownership of newly developed technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1kdziat\" data-start=\"6332\" data-end=\"6379\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Civil Aviation Regulation &amp; SHGM Proceedings<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6736\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Civil aviation in T\u00fcrkiye is subject to extensive technical and administrative regulation. B\u0131\u00e7ak assists airlines, aircraft operators, aviation businesses, investors and service providers with licensing, certification, operating authorisations, regulatory compliance, aviation safety requirements, administrative proceedings and regulatory investigations. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The <strong data-start=\"6742\" data-end=\"6790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/web.shgm.gov.tr\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Directorate General of Civil Aviation<\/a> (SHGM)<\/strong> is headquartered in Ankara. B\u0131\u00e7ak is also headquartered in Ankara, with its office located in close proximity to the <a href=\"https:\/\/web.shgm.gov.tr\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Directorate General<\/a>. This allows the firm, where required, to follow regulatory and administrative matters directly before <a href=\"https:\/\/web.shgm.gov.tr\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SHGM<\/a> and engage with other relevant central authorities.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For international aviation businesses, this Ankara-based regulatory capability is combined with the firm&#8217;s experience in cross-border transactions, commercial contracts, compliance and disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"jpdeir\" data-start=\"7285\" data-end=\"7345\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Airlines, Aircraft Transactions &amp; Aviation Infrastructure<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7347\" data-end=\"7656\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises airlines, aircraft operators, aviation service providers, airports and investors on operational and commercial matters. The practice includes aircraft acquisition and sale, leasing, financing, registration and deregistration, security interests, insurance and cross-border aircraft transactions. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm also assists with airport and aviation infrastructure projects, service agreements, ground-related operations, commercial arrangements and disputes arising from aviation projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"15nrhzm\" data-start=\"7848\" data-end=\"7891\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Aviation Disputes, Accidents &amp; Liability<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7893\" data-end=\"8143\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Aviation disputes can involve contractual, regulatory, insurance, tort and criminal-law dimensions simultaneously. B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on passenger and cargo disputes, contractual claims, operational liability, aviation insurance and cross-border disputes. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Where accidents, incidents or regulatory investigations occur, the firm&#8217;s experience in evidence, criminal procedure, internal investigations and dispute resolution provides an additional perspective in matters involving potential administrative, civil or criminal exposure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"qjtrc3\" data-start=\"8421\" data-end=\"8457\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">UAVs, Drones &amp; Autonomous Systems<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8459\" data-end=\"8594\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Unmanned and autonomous systems increasingly bridge the traditional boundaries between civil aviation, defence and advanced technology. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on regulatory classification, registration and operational requirements, licensing, payloads and sensors, data protection, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, liability and export controls. Particular attention is given to technologies capable of both civilian and military application and the resulting dual-use and end-use considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"18d68dc\" data-start=\"8956\" data-end=\"9010\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Space, Satellites &amp; Advanced Aerospace Technologies<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9012\" data-end=\"9215\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The growing commercial and strategic importance of space technologies creates legal issues extending across contracts, international cooperation, intellectual property, cybersecurity and export controls. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak assists businesses involved in satellite technologies, aerospace components, ground systems, R&amp;D and related supply chains with commercial agreements, controlled technologies, technology transfer, regulatory compliance and international partnerships.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1f3yzu4\" data-start=\"9475\" data-end=\"9527\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Cybersecurity, AI &amp; Emerging Defence Technologies<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9529\" data-end=\"9664\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Software, artificial intelligence, autonomous platforms and connected systems are becoming integral to defence, aerospace and aviation. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak advises on cybersecurity obligations, AI governance, sensitive data, technology contracts, cyber incidents and regulatory risks associated with emerging technologies. These matters are considered alongside export controls, intellectual property, national-security concerns and contractual responsibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"o75o30\" data-start=\"9978\" data-end=\"10034\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Compliance, Anti-Corruption &amp; Internal Investigations<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"10036\" data-end=\"10164\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence and aerospace businesses face heightened exposure to corruption, third-party, procurement and international trade risks. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak assists with anti-corruption compliance, intermediary and counterparty risks, procurement integrity, whistleblowing, internal investigations, suspected fraud and potential sanctions or export-control violations. The firm&#8217;s established criminal-law and white-collar practice enables compliance advice to be combined with defence strategy where regulatory concerns develop into administrative or criminal investigations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1h8qwzz\" data-start=\"10592\" data-end=\"10641\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Arbitration, Litigation &amp; High-Stakes Disputes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"10643\" data-end=\"10859\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak represents clients in disputes arising from defence contracts, procurement, supply arrangements, technology and intellectual property agreements, joint ventures and other international commercial relationships. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm&#8217;s dispute-resolution capabilities include Turkish litigation, international arbitration, enforcement proceedings and negotiated resolution. Matters involving commercially sensitive, regulated or national-security-related information are approached with particular attention to confidentiality and procedural strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1ric7e2\" data-start=\"11189\" data-end=\"11253\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">NATO, European Defence Cooperation &amp; International Programmes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"11255\" data-end=\"11427\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Defence companies increasingly participate in multinational industrial, innovation and R&amp;D ecosystems involving NATO members, European partners and international consortia. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak assists companies with the contractual, compliance, technology-transfer and governance aspects of cross-border defence cooperation, consortium arrangements and international projects. The firm also follows developments affecting NATO-related defence industry cooperation, European defence initiatives and emerging international procurement and innovation frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"lp2qtk\" data-start=\"11803\" data-end=\"11819\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Who We Assist<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"11821\" data-end=\"12316\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Our clients and counterparties across these sectors include defence contractors and subcontractors, aerospace manufacturers, airlines and aircraft operators, airports, MRO and aviation service providers, UAV and autonomous-system companies, satellite and space-technology businesses, electronics and semiconductor suppliers, advanced-material manufacturers, cybersecurity and AI companies, investors, insurers, logistics providers and other participants in regulated international supply chains. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">We assist both international businesses entering or expanding in T\u00fcrkiye and Turkish companies developing cross-border operations and partnerships.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1xb2a1e\" data-start=\"12467\" data-end=\"12489\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Selected Experience<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"12491\" data-end=\"12842\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Our experience includes advising international defence-sector manufacturers on Turkish regulatory, commercial and dispute matters; advising Turkish defence and technology companies on information technology, data protection and regulatory issues; and assessing sanctions and export-control risks affecting international transactions involving T\u00fcrkiye. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm also advises on cross-border partnerships, technology arrangements, supply relationships, compliance programmes and investigations in sectors where commercial objectives intersect with regulatory or national-security considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1mffoyr\" data-start=\"13087\" data-end=\"13147\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Regulatory Access and Commercial Reach<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"13149\" data-end=\"13360\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak&#8217;s headquarters in Ankara and office in Istanbul provide a practical platform for matters extending between central regulatory and public authorities and T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;s principal international commercial centre. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">This is particularly relevant in highly regulated sectors. Aviation matters may require direct interaction with SHGM in Ankara, while defence, export-control and other strategic-sector matters may involve engagement with central public institutions alongside commercial counterparties, investors and international partners.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1h5999e\" data-start=\"13687\" data-end=\"13700\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Why B\u0131\u00e7ak?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"13702\" data-end=\"13874\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak&#8217;s defence, security, aerospace and aviation practice is built around the combination of <strong data-start=\"13796\" data-end=\"13873\">sector knowledge, regulatory capability and cross-border legal experience<\/strong>. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The firm&#8217;s work in sanctions and export controls, criminal and white-collar matters, cybersecurity, technology, commercial transactions and dispute resolution enables it to address problems that do not fit neatly within a single legal discipline. This multidisciplinary approach is particularly suited to industries in which commercial decisions are increasingly shaped by regulation, technology, international trade and national security.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"i3st7j\" data-start=\"14317\" data-end=\"14350\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Insights &amp; Sector Intelligence<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"14352\" data-end=\"14536\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">B\u0131\u00e7ak regularly publishes analysis on legal and regulatory developments affecting defence, aerospace, aviation, sanctions, export controls, cybersecurity and international cooperation. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Recent work includes analysis of <strong data-start=\"14571\" data-end=\"14777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/legal-considerations-for-defence-partnerships\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international defence partnerships in T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/nato-defence-industry-forum-in-ankara\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NATO Defence Industry Forum in Ankara<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/firearms-manufacturing-and-export-law-in-turkiye\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">firearms-industry compliance<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/international-sanctions-and-export-control-in-turkey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctions and export-control developments<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/cybersecurity-in-turkiye-law-regulation-compliance-enforcement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity regulation in T\u00fcrkiye<\/a><\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Through this combination of legal practice and sector-focused research, B\u0131\u00e7ak supports clients in anticipating regulatory change, structuring international cooperation and managing risk in strategically sensitive industries.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An Integrated Approach to Strategically Regulated Industries Defence, security, aerospace and aviation increasingly operate at the intersection of law, technology, international trade and national security. A commercial transaction may simultaneously raise questions concerning procurement rules, licensing, sanctions, export controls, cybersecurity, intellectual property, foreign investment, anti-corruption requirements and criminal or administrative liability. B\u0131\u00e7ak approaches these sectors [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33209,"parent":2309,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2321","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Defence &amp; Security &amp; Aviation &amp; Aerospace | B\u0131\u00e7ak Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"defence security aviation Aerospace law lawyer Turkey T\u00fcrkiye attorney advocate Turkish Industry law firm information platform international\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/en\/practice-areas\/sectors\/defence-security-aviation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Defence &amp; 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