{"id":33448,"date":"2026-11-07T18:54:32","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T15:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/?p=33448"},"modified":"2026-11-07T19:17:02","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T16:17:02","slug":"suc-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/de\/suc-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri\/","title":{"rendered":"Su\u00e7 Kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Devri"},"content":{"rendered":"

KISIM I – KOVU\u015eTURMANIN DEVR\u0130 VE HUKUK\u0130 N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

1. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri kavram\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri, bir devlette a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hen\u00fcz kesin h\u00fck\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f kamu davas\u0131na konu fiilin, belirli hukuki \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir devletin ceza adaleti sistemi i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan uluslararas\u0131 adli i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu kurumun temel amac\u0131, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ceza adaletinin etkin bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha elveri\u015fli olan devlette y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131makt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda kovu\u015fturma evresi, iddianamenin kabul\u00fcyle ba\u015flar ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn kesinle\u015fmesine kadar devam eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7 veya ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n devri, su\u00e7 soru\u015fturman\u0131n devrinden<\/a> farkl\u0131 olarak, mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir ceza uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirir. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren adli makam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, devam eden kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, durma ve d\u00fc\u015fme kararlar\u0131, delillerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n usul\u00ee haklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da belirleyicidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Su\u00e7 veya ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n devri, devletlerin ceza yarg\u0131 yetkilerinden b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle vazge\u00e7mesi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Daha do\u011fru bir ifadeyle, belirli bir ceza uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hangi devlet taraf\u0131ndan ve hangi usul \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi yoluyla d\u00fczenlenmesidir. <\/span>Bu nedenle devir kurumunun hukuki niteli\u011fi, hem devlet egemenli\u011fi hem de bireyin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinin di\u011fer uluslararas\u0131 adli i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemlerinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri, su\u00e7lular\u0131n iadesi, uluslararas\u0131 adli yard\u0131mla\u015fma, soru\u015fturman\u0131n devri, kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131n\u0131n devri ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc nakliyle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili olmakla birlikte bunlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurumdur. <\/span>Su\u00e7lular\u0131n iadesinde<\/strong> esas olarak ki\u015finin, hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi yahut cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz edilmesi amac\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir devlete teslim edilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde ise ki\u015finin fiziksel olarak teslimi zorunlu de\u011fildir; yarg\u0131lama faaliyetinin ba\u015fka bir devletin yetkili makamlar\u0131nca \u00fcstlenilmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. <\/span>Uluslararas\u0131 adli yard\u0131mla\u015fmada<\/strong> bir devlet, kendi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yarg\u0131lama kapsam\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir devletten delil toplanmas\u0131, ifade al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya belge temini gibi belirli i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini ister. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri, m\u00fcnferit bir usul i\u015fleminin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek ceza uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131lama sorumlulu\u011funu ilgilendirir.\u00a0<\/span>Soru\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde<\/strong><\/a> hen\u00fcz kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fken, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde iddianame kabul edilmi\u015f ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle iki kurumun devir talebinin kabul\u00fcnden sonraki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. <\/span>Kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131n\u0131n devrinde<\/strong> ise su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi ve ki\u015finin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yarg\u0131sal de\u011ferlendirme esasen tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir mahk\u00fbmiyet bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan masumiyet karinesi ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ceza yarg\u0131 yetkisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 yarg\u0131lama \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

S\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan su\u00e7larda birden fazla devletin ayn\u0131 fiil \u00fczerinde ceza yarg\u0131 yetkisi iddia etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi yer, failin veya ma\u011fdurun vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, korunan hukuki yarar\u0131n niteli\u011fi ve su\u00e7un uluslararas\u0131 karakteri farkl\u0131 devletlerin yarg\u0131lama yetkisini g\u00fcndeme getirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda ceza kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131 ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yarg\u0131 yetkisi, ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 8-13. maddeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenir. Bununla birlikte, i\u00e7 hukukta yarg\u0131 yetkisinin bulunmas\u0131, her durumda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin en elveri\u015fli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. <\/span>\u00d6rne\u011fin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkede ya\u015famas\u0131, tan\u0131klar\u0131n ve maddi delillerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak o \u00fclkede bulunmas\u0131 veya savunman\u0131n etkin bi\u00e7imde ancak orada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrini g\u00fcndeme getirebilir. <\/span>Ancak usul ekonomisi tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli bir gerek\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Devir de\u011ferlendirmesinde delillere eri\u015fim, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n makul s\u00fcrede tamamlanmas\u0131, ma\u011fdurun haklar\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ve birden fazla yarg\u0131lama y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden kaynaklanan riskler birlikte dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM II – ULUSLARARASI ve ULUSAL HUKUK\u0130 \u00c7ER\u00c7EVE<\/span><\/h3>\n

4. 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza\u00ee Konularda Uluslararas\u0131 Adl\u00ee \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Kanunu<\/a>’nun 23-25. maddeleri, soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n devletler aras\u0131nda devredilmesi veya devral\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel ulusal d\u00fczenlemeleri olu\u015fturur. <\/span>Kanun’un 23. maddesi, T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devletlere devredilebilece\u011fini ve yabanc\u0131 devletlerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen i\u015flemlerin T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nabilece\u011fini d\u00fczenler. \u0130lgili devletler aras\u0131nda uygulanabilir bir milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fma bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fctekabiliyet ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ba\u015fvurulabilir. Kanun’un 24. <\/span>maddesi, T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete devir \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve usul\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenler. Kovu\u015fturma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra \u00f6nemlidir. Buna g\u00f6re devir talebinin kabul edilmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrk mahkemesinde durma karar\u0131 verilir. Yabanc\u0131 adli merci taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi durumunda d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilir. Mahk\u00fbmiyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir karar verilmesi h\u00e2linde ise bu karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi de\u011ferlendirilerek kovu\u015fturmaya devam edilebilir. Kanun’un 25. maddesi<\/span> ise yabanc\u0131 devletten soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, devral\u0131nan yabanc\u0131 kovu\u015fturman\u0131n T\u00fcrk mahkemesine do\u011frudan aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine, yetkili Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.\u00a0<\/span>Bu d\u00fczenlemeler birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, kanunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya devir ve i\u00e7eriye devralma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan simetrik olmayan bir usul sistemi benimsedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Ceza Kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n Aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

21 Mart 1972 tarihinde Strazburg’da imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan Ceza Kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n Aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/a>, ceza kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n devletler aras\u0131nda aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 bir uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemedir. <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131n uygun bulunmas\u0131 2080 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚la ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme, ceza kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 devletler aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven, etkin ceza adaleti ve yetki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ama\u00e7lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda talep edilen devlete ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctme konusunda ikincil yarg\u0131 yetkisi sa\u011flayabilmesidir. B\u00f6ylece i\u00e7 hukukunda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yeterli yarg\u0131 yetkisi bulunmayan bir devletin, S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fartlarla kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 \u00fcstlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.\u00a0<\/span>Bununla birlikte S\u00f6zle\u015fme, devletlere ko\u015fulsuz bir devir veya devralma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmez. Talebin kabul edilebilirli\u011fi, ret nedenleri, usul\u00ee i\u015flemler, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve birden fazla kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gibi hususlar ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilir. <\/span>T\u00fcrk hukukunun uygulanmas\u0131nda S\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a> ve ilgili di\u011fer ulusal d\u00fczenlemelerle birlikte ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Somut olayda uygulanacak antla\u015fman\u0131n kapsam\u0131, taraf devletlerin beyanlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ekinceleri ayr\u0131ca incelenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. \u0130kili antla\u015fmalar, m\u00fctekabiliyet ve uluslararas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin hukuki dayanak yaln\u0131zca Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nden ibaret de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye’nin belirli devletlerle akdetti\u011fi ikili adli i\u015f birli\u011fi antla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve uygulanabilir di\u011fer \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler de kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7erebilir. <\/span>Bu nedenle bir devir talebi de\u011ferlendirilirken \u00f6ncelikle ilgili devletler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan antla\u015fmalar tespit edilmelidir. Antla\u015fman\u0131n maddi kapsam\u0131, uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lar, yetkili makamlar, g\u00f6nderilecek belgeler ve ret nedenleri somut olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirlenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fma bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 23. maddesi m\u00fctekabiliyet ilkesine dayal\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r. Ancak m\u00fctekabiliyet, di\u011fer hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131n aranmayaca\u011f\u0131 veya yabanc\u0131 devletten gelen her talebin kabul edilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. <\/span>Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n yetkileri, temel hak g\u00fcvenceleri, kamu d\u00fczeni ve uygulanabilir usul h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bu de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6nemini korur.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM III – T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DEN YABANCI DEVLETE KOVU\u015eTURMANIN DEVR\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

7. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devredilmesinin \u015fartlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24. maddesi uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kovu\u015fturman\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devlete devredilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle isnat edilen su\u00e7un \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u0131l veya daha fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmesi gerekir. <\/span>Bunun yan\u0131nda kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen durumlardan birinin bulunmas\u0131 aran\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130lk durum, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devlet vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’de haz\u0131r bulundurulamamas\u0131 veya adli yard\u0131mla\u015fma yoluyla savunmas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131namamas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u0130kinci durum, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devlette mutat olarak bulunmas\u0131 veya delillerin bu devlette olmas\u0131 nedeniyle devrin ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermesidir. <\/span>Bu \u015fartlar de\u011ferlendirilirken san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkede bulunmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na otomatik devir nedeni olarak kabul edilmemelidir. Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ko\u015fullar\u0131n somut olayda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve devrin hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmelidir. <\/span>Devir ayr\u0131ca ilgili devletin kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 \u00fcstlenebilmesine, uygulanabilir antla\u015fma veya m\u00fctekabiliyet esas\u0131na ve Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine karar verilmesinde mahkemenin rol\u00fc<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kovu\u015fturma faaliyetinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinden sorumlu makam mahkemedir. Bu nedenle kovu\u015fturman\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devlete devredilmesi, yaln\u0131zca idari makamlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir yaz\u0131\u015fma olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24. maddesi, devir talebinin adli merciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerine ilgili devlete g\u00f6nderilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca 2080 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 2. maddesi, kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde kovu\u015fturman\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 veya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan davay\u0131 g\u00f6ren mahkeme veya h\u00e2kimli\u011fin rol\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahkemenin de\u011ferlendirmesinde devir \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n usul\u00ee haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunup korunamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve devam eden yarg\u0131lama \u00fczerindeki sonu\u00e7lar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Mahkemenin yarg\u0131sal yetkisi ile Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi koordinasyonuna ili\u015fkin yetkisi birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, mahkemenin kovu\u015fturman\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Devir talebinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve usul\u00ee i\u015flemler<\/span><\/h3>\n

Devir talebi, isnat edilen fiilin hukuki niteli\u011finin ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n mevcut durumunun yabanc\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yeterlilikte haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Talepte san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kimli\u011fi, isnat edilen eylem, olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yer ve zaman, uygulanmas\u0131 istenen ceza h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, mevcut deliller, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fama ve devri hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan somut nedenler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca devir talebine kovu\u015fturma dosyas\u0131n\u0131n bir sureti ve gerekli oldu\u011funda terc\u00fcmesi eklenir. Talebin kabul edilmesi ve istem \u00fczerine delil niteli\u011findeki e\u015fyalar da g\u00f6nderilebilir. <\/span>Dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7lamay\u0131 destekleyen belgelerin de\u011fil, savunma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bilgi ve delillerin de korunmas\u0131 gerekir. B\u00f6ylece yabanc\u0131 devlette y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yarg\u0131laman\u0131n maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesinin g\u00f6zetilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. <\/span>Devir s\u00fcrecinde belgelerin do\u011frulu\u011fu, terc\u00fcmelerin yeterlili\u011fi, ki\u015fisel verilerin korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6nderilen bilgilerin kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Devir talebinin yarg\u0131lamaya etkisi<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri talebinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile talebin yabanc\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi ayn\u0131 hukuki sonucu do\u011furmaz. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re devir talebinin g\u00f6nderilmesi, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine engel de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca talebin yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk mahkemesindeki kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 kendili\u011finden durdurmaz. <\/span>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 24\/4. madde uyar\u0131nca kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri talebinin kabul edilmesi \u00fczerine durma karar\u0131 verilir. <\/span>Bu a\u015famada durma karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici niteli\u011fi \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrk mahkemesindeki dava, yabanc\u0131 devletin kabul karar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ve kesin bi\u00e7imde sona ermez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 adli merci taraf\u0131ndan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi durumunda d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilir. Mahk\u00fbmiyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir karar verilmesi h\u00e2linde ise yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi de\u011ferlendirilerek kovu\u015fturmaya devam edilebilir. <\/span>Ayr\u0131ca yabanc\u0131 devletin devir kabul\u00fcnden vazge\u00e7mesi veya devredilen kovu\u015fturman\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011finin Merkez\u00ee Makamca bildirilmesi durumunda kovu\u015fturman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine karar verilir. <\/span>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, T\u00fcrk hukukunda kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinin otomatik ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez bir yetki terkini ifade etmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM IV – YABANCI DEVLETTEN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’YE KOVU\u015eTURMANIN DEVRALINMASI<\/span><\/h3>\n

11. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve usul\u00ee \u015fartlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 25. maddesi, yabanc\u0131 bir devlette y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kovu\u015fturman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 belirli \u015fartlara ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Buna g\u00f6re fiilin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk hukukuna g\u00f6re zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na veya affa u\u011framam\u0131\u015f bulunmas\u0131 ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u0131l veya daha fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmesi gerekir. <\/span>Kanun ayr\u0131ca talebin kabul edilmeyece\u011fi durumlar\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Ki\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye’de mutat olarak bulunmamas\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131, su\u00e7un talep eden devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 veya devir talebine konu fiil nedeniyle ki\u015finin daha \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye’de yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde talep kabul edilmez. <\/span>Bu \u015fartlar birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmeli; \u00f6zellikle vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, mutat bulunma, su\u00e7 yeri ve \u00f6nceki yarg\u0131lama olgular\u0131 belgeye dayal\u0131 olarak belirlenmelidir. <\/span>Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devletin talepte bulunmas\u0131yla kendili\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n uygun g\u00f6rmesi ve T\u00fcrk adli makamlar\u0131n\u0131n kanuni usule g\u00f6re i\u015flem yapmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

12. Devralma h\u00e2linde T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin yarg\u0131 yetkisi<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel sorunlardan biri, T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenmi\u015f fiil hakk\u0131nda hangi hukuki temele dayanarak yarg\u0131lama yapabilece\u011fidir. <\/span>Bu de\u011ferlendirmede T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile uygulanabilir milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar birlikte dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ceza Kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n Aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin 2. maddesi, S\u00f6zle\u015fme’nin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ko\u015fullar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde talep edilen devlete ikincil yarg\u0131 yetkisi tan\u0131yabilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>Ancak bir devir talebinin bulunmas\u0131, her durumda ve ko\u015fulsuz bi\u00e7imde T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin yarg\u0131 yetkisi kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Yetkinin kayna\u011f\u0131, kapsam\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lma \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun genel yarg\u0131 yetkisi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayan\u0131lamayan durumlarda, uygulanabilir antla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkinin somut olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca incelenmelidir. <\/span>Yarg\u0131 yetkisi ile mahkemelerin g\u00f6rev ve yer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisi de birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’nin uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde yarg\u0131lama yetkisine sahip olmas\u0131, somut davaya hangi T\u00fcrk mahkemesinin bakaca\u011f\u0131 sorusunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6zmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

13. T\u00fcrkiye’de kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi<\/span><\/h3>\n

6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 25\/2. maddesi, yabanc\u0131 devlette y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kovu\u015fturman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n usul\u00ee niteli\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. <\/span>H\u00fckme g\u00f6re Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n uygun g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine talep yetkili Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, devir konusu su\u00e7a ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131r ve sonucuna g\u00f6re i\u015flem yapar. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenleme \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir. Yabanc\u0131 devlette a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kamu davas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’de kendili\u011finden ayn\u0131 a\u015famadan devam etmez. T\u00fcrk ceza muhakemesi sisteminde kovu\u015fturma evresine ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ulusal usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, yabanc\u0131 devletten g\u00f6nderilen dosyay\u0131 ve delilleri de\u011ferlendirerek kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli \u015f\u00fcphe bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda iddianame d\u00fczenlenir ve T\u00fcrk mahkemesince kabul edilmesi \u00fczerine kovu\u015fturma ba\u015flar. <\/span>B\u00f6ylece yabanc\u0131 kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk hukukunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z usul\u00ee i\u015flemler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 niteli\u011findedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

14. Devralma talebinin reddi ve yarg\u0131sal denetim<\/span><\/h3>\n

Devralma talebinin reddi, hem uluslararas\u0131 adli i\u015f birli\u011fi \u015fartlar\u0131 hem de T\u00fcrk ceza muhakemesi hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 25\/1. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kabul engelleri, talebin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00f6ncelikle incelenmelidir. Bunun yan\u0131nda Kanun’un genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde d\u00fczenlenen ret nedenleri ve uygulanabilir milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalardaki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>Devralma talebinin Merkez\u00ee Makam taraf\u0131ndan uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi ile devralma sonras\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca verilen bir karar ayn\u0131 hukuki nitelikte de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Merkez\u00ee Makam\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi talebine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesi, adli makamlar\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdikleri kararlardan ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131sal denetim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 da karar\u0131n niteli\u011fine ve uygulanacak usul h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir. <\/span>Bu nedenle talebin reddi veya devralma sonras\u0131nda i\u015flem yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda, karar\u0131n hangi makam taraf\u0131ndan, hangi hukuki gerek\u00e7eyle ve hangi a\u015famada verildi\u011finin tespiti \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM V – YABANCI KARARLAR VE SANI\u011eIN HAKLARI<\/span><\/h3>\n

15. Yabanc\u0131 devlette verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet ve di\u011fer kararlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki etkileri<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri sonras\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 devlette verilen karar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki etkisi, karar\u0131n niteli\u011fine ve uygulanabilir hukuki d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.\u00a0<\/span>T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete kovu\u015fturma devredilmi\u015fse 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24\/4. maddesi \u00f6zel bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermektedir. Yabanc\u0131 adli merci taraf\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi h\u00e2linde T\u00fcrk mahkemesinde d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilir. <\/span>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k mahk\u00fbmiyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir karar verilmesi durumunda yabanc\u0131 karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi de\u011ferlendirilerek kovu\u015fturmaya devam edilebilir. <\/span>Bu d\u00fczenleme, yabanc\u0131 mahkemenin verdi\u011fi her karar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de ayn\u0131 sonucu do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Beraat, usulden ret, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n sona erdirilmesi veya di\u011fer kararlar\u0131n etkisi de\u011ferlendirilirken ilgili antla\u015fmalar\u0131n ve kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm g\u00fcvencelerinin ayr\u0131ca dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz edilmesi<\/strong> ise farkl\u0131 bir kurumdur. Kesinle\u015fmi\u015f mahk\u00fbmiyetin infaz\u0131n\u0131n devri, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 26\u201329. maddelerinde ayr\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetin T\u00fcrk kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na etkisi ile yabanc\u0131 cezan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de infaz edilebilirli\u011fi birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

16. Ne bis in idem<\/em> ve ayn\u0131 fiilden yeniden yarg\u0131lanma yasa\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ayn\u0131 ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 fiil nedeniyle birden fazla kez yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 veya cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimali, uluslararas\u0131 kovu\u015fturma devrinin en \u00f6nemli temel hak sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir.\u00a0<\/span>Ne bis in idem ilkesi<\/em>, hukuki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve kesin h\u00fckm\u00fcn korunmas\u0131na hizmet eder. Bununla birlikte ilkenin ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde uygulanma kapsam\u0131 ayn\u0131 olmayabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk hukukunda \u00f6nceki yarg\u0131laman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kovu\u015fturma \u015fartlar\u0131 ve kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 25\/1-\u00e7 maddesi de devir talebine konu fiil nedeniyle ki\u015finin daha \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye’de yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 devralma talebinin kabul\u00fcne engel olarak d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde ise uygulanabilir antla\u015fman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, \u00f6nceki karar\u0131n kesinli\u011fi, fiilin ayn\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve karar\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi ayr\u0131ca incelenmelidir. <\/span>Ceza Kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n Aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin birden fazla kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ili\u015fkin sistemi de bu de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>Bu nedenle yabanc\u0131 devlette verilen bir karar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de yeni bir kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 engelleyip engellemedi\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca karar\u0131n ad\u0131na bak\u0131larak de\u011fil, hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 ve somut sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 incelenerek belirlenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

17. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma hakk\u0131 ve adil yarg\u0131lanma g\u00fcvenceleri<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda devredilmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatan bir i\u015flem h\u00e2line gelmemelidir. <\/span>Adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131, su\u00e7laman\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilmesi, m\u00fcdafi yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131, delillere eri\u015fim, tan\u0131klar\u0131 sorgulama veya sorgulatma imk\u00e2n\u0131, terc\u00fcman yard\u0131m\u0131 ve makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma gibi g\u00fcvenceleri kapsar. <\/span>Devir s\u00fcrecinde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131 devletin dilini bilmemesi, m\u00fcdafiye eri\u015fimde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ya\u015famas\u0131 veya \u00f6nceki yarg\u0131lamada sunulmu\u015f savunma delillerinin yeni yarg\u0131lamaya aktar\u0131lmamas\u0131 ciddi hak ihlali riskleri do\u011furabilir. <\/span>Bu nedenle kovu\u015fturman\u0131n hangi devlette daha etkin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilirken yaln\u0131zca iddia makam\u0131n\u0131n delil toplama imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 de\u011fil, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131 etkili bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilme ko\u015fullar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nan dosyalarda yabanc\u0131 devletin usul i\u015flemlerinin ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin itiraz ve savunmalar\u0131n\u0131n dinlenmesini gereksiz k\u0131lmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

18. Yabanc\u0131 delillerin T\u00fcrk kovu\u015fturmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Yabanc\u0131 devlette y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kovu\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda elde edilen delillerin T\u00fcrkiye’de kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n temel uygulama sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/span>6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 25\/3. maddesi, talepte bulunan yabanc\u0131 devletin mevzuat\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemleri ile elde edilen delillerin T\u00fcrk hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler. <\/span>Ancak ge\u00e7erlilik ile ispat de\u011feri birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 devlette hukuka uygun bi\u00e7imde elde edilmi\u015f bir delilin T\u00fcrk hukukunda ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmas\u0131, bu delilin otomatik olarak g\u00fcvenilir veya mahk\u00fbmiyet i\u00e7in yeterli kabul edilmesini gerektirmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk mahkemesi delilin i\u00e7eri\u011fini, elde edili\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, do\u011frulu\u011funu, di\u011fer delillerle ili\u015fkisini ve savunman\u0131n itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelidir. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle tan\u0131k ifadeleri, dijital veriler, ileti\u015fim kay\u0131tlar\u0131, bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131 ve gizli soru\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemleriyle elde edilen materyaller bak\u0131m\u0131ndan delilin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve savunma taraf\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. <\/span>Mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00fckm\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca yabanc\u0131 makamlar\u0131n \u00f6nceki de\u011ferlendirmelerine dayan\u0131larak de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk ceza muhakemesinin ispat ve adil yarg\u0131lanma g\u00fcvenceleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM VI – YARGI UYGULAMASI ve TARTI\u015eMALI KONULAR<\/span><\/h3>\n

19. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ve \u00f6rnek olaylar<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131sal de\u011ferlendirmelerde, do\u011frudan devir i\u015flemini konu alan kararlarla uluslararas\u0131 ceza adli i\u015f birli\u011finin di\u011fer alanlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar birbirinden ayr\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle su\u00e7lular\u0131n iadesi, yabanc\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyetlerin infaz\u0131 veya s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan su\u00e7larda yarg\u0131 yetkisi konusundaki kararlar, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dolayl\u0131 hukuki de\u011ferlendirmeler sa\u011flayabilir. Bununla birlikte bu kararlar\u0131n do\u011frudan 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 24 veya 25. maddelerinin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00f6ncelikle karar\u0131n konusu, uygulanan kanun maddesi, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esi belirlenmelidir. <\/span>\u00d6rne\u011fin yabanc\u0131 bir devlette ya\u015fayan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki yarg\u0131lamaya kat\u0131lamamas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrini zorunlu k\u0131lmaz. Kanuni \u015fartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, alternatif adli yard\u0131mla\u015fma y\u00f6ntemlerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve yabanc\u0131 devletin kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 \u00fcstlenebilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde, yabanc\u0131 devletin bir kovu\u015fturmay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye devretmek istemesi, T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 mahkemenin su\u00e7luluk de\u011ferlendirmesini do\u011frudan benimsemesini gerektirmez. <\/span>Bu alandaki i\u00e7tihat incelemesinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan ilgili kararlar\u0131n tam metinleri esas al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve kararlar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar somut ba\u011flamlar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

20. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, su\u00e7 vasf\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 yetki sorunlar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda devri, farkl\u0131 ceza hukuku sistemlerinin ayn\u0131 fiile ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir. <\/span>Bir fiilin iki devlette farkl\u0131 su\u00e7 tipleri kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesi, ceza miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131 veya zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 uygulamada sorun yaratabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devralma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 25. maddesi, fiilin T\u00fcrk hukukuna g\u00f6re zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na veya affa u\u011framam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a aramaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Bu nedenle yabanc\u0131 devlette kovu\u015fturman\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcyor olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk hukukundaki zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 incelemesini gereksiz k\u0131lmaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Su\u00e7un hukuki vasf\u0131 da ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 devletin isnat etti\u011fi su\u00e7un ad\u0131 veya sistematik yeri, T\u00fcrk hukukundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na belirlemez. Somut fiilin unsurlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek T\u00fcrk hukukundaki su\u00e7 tipi ve uygulanacak h\u00fck\u00fcmler belirlenmelidir. <\/span>\u0130kincil yarg\u0131 yetkisinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda ise yetkinin dayana\u011f\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca incelenmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

21. Uygulama sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri uygulamas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar, yaln\u0131zca hukuki \u015fartlar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaz. Devletler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim, dosyalar\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi, delillerin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerin tespiti ve yabanc\u0131 kararlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda bildirilmesi de s\u00fcrecin etkinli\u011fini etkiler. <\/span>\u00d6zellikle devir talebinin kabul edilmesi ile yabanc\u0131 devlette yarg\u0131laman\u0131n fiilen ilerlemesi aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrenin uzamas\u0131, ceza adaletinin gecikmesine neden olabilir. <\/span>Bu sorunlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in devir taleplerinin standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, talep gerek\u00e7elerinin somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ilgili devlet makamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenli bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk mahkemelerinin durma karar\u0131 verdikleri dosyalarda yabanc\u0131 kovu\u015fturman\u0131n durumunu takip edebilmesi, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 24. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sonraki kararlar\u0131n do\u011fru zamanda verilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. <\/span>Ayr\u0131ca yabanc\u0131 kararlar\u0131n hukuki etkileri de\u011ferlendirilirken san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma haklar\u0131 ve kesin h\u00fck\u00fcm g\u00fcvenceleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir. <\/span>Akademik alanda ise kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrine do\u011frudan ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bi\u00e7imde incelenmesi ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 hukuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, uygulamadaki belirsizliklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

KISIM VII – SONU\u00c7 ve UYGULAMA REHBER\u0130<\/span><\/h3>\n

22. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devrinde uygulama kontrol listesi ve sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda devri, s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan ceza uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n etkin bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir uluslararas\u0131 adli i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemidir. Ancak bu kurumun uygulanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir devlette daha kolay y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayand\u0131r\u0131lamaz. <\/span>Her somut olayda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorular\u0131n cevapland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00fcrkiye ile ilgili devlet aras\u0131nda uygulanabilir bir milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fma bulunmakta m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Antla\u015fma bulunmuyorsa m\u00fctekabiliyet esas\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015f birli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u0130snat edilen su\u00e7, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Devir veya devralma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zel \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f midir?<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u0130lgili devletin ceza yarg\u0131 yetkisinin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Devir talebinde bulunacak ve talebi de\u011ferlendirecek yetkili makamlar hangileridir?<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Devam eden kamu davas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahkemenin vermesi gereken karar nedir?<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma haklar\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurun usul\u00ee haklar\u0131 nas\u0131l korunacakt\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Yabanc\u0131 devlette elde edilen deliller hangi ko\u015fullarda kullan\u0131labilecektir?<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u00d6nceki yarg\u0131lamalar ve yabanc\u0131 kararlar yeniden yarg\u0131lama yasa\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hangi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011furacakt\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, af ve su\u00e7un hukuki niteli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir engel bulunmakta m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Devir sonras\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 devletin yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmemesi veya mahk\u00fbmiyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir karar vermesi h\u00e2linde hangi i\u015flemler yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00fcrk hukukunda kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devri, 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a>‚un 23\u201325. maddeleri ile uygulanabilir milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesini gerektirir.\u00a0<\/span>T\u00fcrkiye’den yabanc\u0131 devlete devirde, talebin kabul edilmesi \u00fczerine T\u00fcrk mahkemesince durma karar\u0131 verilmesi ve yabanc\u0131 yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonucuna g\u00f6re sonraki i\u015flemlerin belirlenmesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>Yabanc\u0131 devletten T\u00fcrkiye’ye devralmada ise yabanc\u0131 kovu\u015fturman\u0131n do\u011frudan T\u00fcrk mahkemesine aktar\u0131lmamas\u0131, Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk ceza muhakemesi usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 temel bir farkl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda devri, devletlerin yarg\u0131 yetkilerini koordineli bi\u00e7imde kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan; ancak hukuki g\u00fcvenlik, masumiyet karinesi, savunma hakk\u0131 ve adil yarg\u0131lanma g\u00fcvenceleriyle birlikte uygulanmas\u0131 gereken bir kurumdur. <\/span>Ceza adaletinin etkinli\u011fi ile bireyin temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devrinin hukuka uygun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n temel ko\u015fuludur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    …<\/p>\n

    \u00a9 2026\u00a0Prof. Dr. Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/a>\u00a0\/\u00a0B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/a> – T\u00fcm haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makale, say\u0131n Prof. Dr. Vahit B\u0131\u00e7ak<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan www.bicakhukuk.com<\/a> sitesinde yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynak g\u00f6sterilse dahi makalenin tamam\u0131 \u00f6zel izin al\u0131nmadan kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak al\u0131nt\u0131lanan makalenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, aktif link verilerek kullan\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131 ve kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeden k\u0131smen ya da tamamen yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u015fahsi haklara ve fikri haklara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Referans: B\u0131\u00e7ak, Vahit (2026) \u201cSu\u00e7 Kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Devri: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Yarg\u0131 Yetkisi, Devir ve Devralma \u015eartlar\u0131, Usul\u00ee S\u00fcre\u00e7ler“, https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/suc-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri\/<\/a> Prgf . __., Eri\u015fim Tarihi: \u2026,<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    KISIM I – KOVU\u015eTURMANIN DEVR\u0130 VE HUKUK\u0130 N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 1. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri kavram\u0131 Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri, bir devlette a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hen\u00fcz kesin h\u00fck\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015f kamu davas\u0131na konu fiilin, belirli hukuki \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir devletin ceza adaleti sistemi i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan uluslararas\u0131 adli i\u015f birli\u011fi y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu kurumun temel amac\u0131, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":33449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-fullwidth.php","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,740,741,739,793],"tags":[35024,35025,35026,35027,9592,35064,35034,35053,293,35030,35028,35031,35057,35058,35059,35060,35061,35052,35055,35047,35065,20022,35051,35029,3249,35054,35063,35056,35062],"class_list":["post-33448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilgilendirme","category-ceza-hukuku","category-delil-hukuku-3","category-gorusler-dusunceler","category-gorusler","tag-6706-sayili-kanun","tag-6706-sayili-kanun-madde-23","tag-6706-sayili-kanun-madde-24","tag-6706-sayili-kanun-madde-25","tag-adil-yargilanma-hakki","tag-ayni-fiilden-yeniden-yargilanma-yasagi","tag-ceza-kovusturmalarinin-aktarilmasina-dair-avrupa-sozlesmesi","tag-ceza-kovusturmasinin-devri","tag-ceza-muhakemesi-hukuku","tag-ceza-yargi-yetkisi","tag-cezai-konularda-uluslararasi-adli-is-birligi","tag-ikincil-yargi-yetkisi","tag-kamu-davasinin-devri","tag-kovusturmanin-devri-sartlari","tag-kovusturmanin-devri-usulu","tag-kovusturmanin-devrinin-hukuki-sonuclari","tag-kovusturmanin-durmasi","tag-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri","tag-kovusturmanin-yabanci-devlete-devri","tag-ne-bis-in-idem-ilkesi","tag-sanigin-savunma-hakki","tag-sinir-asan-suclar","tag-suc-kovusturmasinin-ulkeler-arasi-devri","tag-uluslararasi-adli-yardimlasma","tag-uluslararasi-ceza-hukuku","tag-uluslararasi-ceza-kovusturmasi","tag-yabanci-delillerin-kullanilmasi","tag-yabanci-devletten-kovusturmanin-devralinmasi","tag-yabanci-mahkeme-kararlari"],"yoast_head":"\nSu\u00e7 Kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Devri | B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk B\u00fcrosu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Su\u00e7 ceza Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri 6706 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun yarg\u0131 yetkisi devir \u015fartlar\u0131 usul yabanc\u0131 kararlar san\u0131k haklar\u0131 avukat hukuk hak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/de\/suc-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Su\u00e7 Kovu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00dclkeler Aras\u0131 Devri %\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"KISIM I - KOVU\u015eTURMANIN DEVR\u0130 VE HUKUK\u0130 N\u0130TEL\u0130\u011e\u0130 1. Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri kavram\u0131 Kovu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 devri, bir devlette a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/de\/suc-kovusturmanin-ulkeler-arasi-devri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"B\u0131\u00e7ak Hukuk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bicakhukuk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-11-07T15:54:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-07T16:17:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bicakhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Suc-Kovusturmanin-Ulkeler-Arasi-Devri-1024x576.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" 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